Holocaust Memorials hauv Tebchaws Yelemees
Holocaust Memorials hauv Tebchaws Yelemees

Video: Holocaust Memorials hauv Tebchaws Yelemees

Video: Holocaust Memorials hauv Tebchaws Yelemees
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Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Berlin City Lub HolocAust Memorial
Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Berlin City Lub HolocAust Memorial

Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau mob siab rau nws tus kheej kom tsis txhob hnov qab txog Holocaust. Muaj Holocaust monuments, tsev cia puav pheej, thiab kev nco txog chaw pw hav zoov uas qhia cov pej xeem thiab hwm ntau lab tus neeg raug tsim txom.

Ntau tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws Europe xav tias yuav tsum mus xyuas cov chaw no, thiab lawv yuav tsum. Lub Holocaust yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias qhov chaw nco txog muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm no thiab koj yuav tsum muaj kev hwm thaum mus xyuas Holocaust Memorials hauv Tebchaws Yelemees.

Rau cov npe tag nrho ntawm European Holocaust Memorials (zoo li lub vev xaib tsis zoo hauv tebchaws Poland tsuas yog hu ua Auschwitz), mus saib Cov Ntaub Ntawv Portal rau European Qhov Chaw Nco Txog.

Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe

Cov neeg Yudais memorial hauv Berlin
Cov neeg Yudais memorial hauv Berlin

Nws tsis tuaj yeem nco Berlin lub Memorial rau cov neeg Yudais tua neeg ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Yuav luag 5 daim av ntawm Brandenburg Gate thiab Potsdamer Platz yog nyob rau hauv "Field of Stelae" nrog ntau tshaj 2,500 geometrically teem pob zeb ncej.

Tom qab kev sib tw tsis sib haum xeeb los txiav txim siab tus yeej, tus kws kos duab Peter Eisenmann tus tsim tau pib ua qhov zoo. Qhov chaw no tso cai rau cov neeg tuaj saib nkag los ntawm tag nrho plaub sab thiab taug kev los ntawm qhov chaw tsis sib xws,ua poob ntawm cov kab ntau ntxiv. Txhua qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm qhov loj me, taug kev los ntawm evokes qhov tshwm sim tsis txaus ntseeg.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv av uas nyob ib sab tuav ntau tus kheej kov xws li cov npe ntawm txhua tus paub cov neeg Yudais Holocaust thiab xaiv cov dab neeg ntawm lawv txoj kev taug.

Tsuas hla txoj kev hauv Tiergarten lies memorial rau Homosexuals raug tsim txom nyob rau hauv Nazism, thiab tsiv mus rau lub Reichstag yog lub tshiab qhib Memorial rau Sinti thiab Roma cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm National Socialism. Ntau qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, koj tuaj yeem pom daim npav cim qhov twg Hitler's Bunker ib zaug sawv ntawm ib puag ncig.

Stolpersteine

Stolpersteine
Stolpersteine

Koj yuav tsis pom cov cim nco txog no taug kev ncig lub nroog German. Stolpersteine txhais tau hais tias "tam sim no pob zeb" thiab lawv yooj yim kom nco tso rau hauv cov pob zeb.

Txoj haujlwm no los ntawm German tus kws kos duab Gunter Demnig muaj cov khoom siv maj mam, tooj dag ntawm qhov nkag ntawm ntau lub tsev. Lawv ua kev nco txog tus neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Holocaust nrog lawv lub npe (lossis cov npe ntawm tsev neeg), hnub yug, thiab piav qhia luv luv ntawm lawv txoj hmoo. Feem ntau "Hier wohnte" (nyob ntawm no) yog sau, tab sis qee zaum nws yog qhov chaw uas tus neeg kawm, ua haujlwm, lossis qhia. Qhov xaus feem ntau yog tib yam - "ermordet" (tua neeg) nrog rau qhov chaw tsis zoo ntawm Auschwitz, Dachau…

Dachau Concentration Camp

Saib ntawm dachau los ntawm lub qhov rais
Saib ntawm dachau los ntawm lub qhov rais

Lub chaw pw tsaug zog ntawm Dachau, nyob 10 mais qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Munich. Nws yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov chaw pw hav zoov hauv Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab yuav ua tus qauv rau txhua qhov chaw pw hav zoov hauv Thib Peb Reich.

Cov neeg tuaj saib lub cim nco txog ua raws "txoj kev ntawm cov neeg raug kaw", taug kev tib yam li cov neeg raug kaw raug yuam kom tom qab lawv tuaj txog hauv lub yeej. Koj yuav pom thawj chav da dej, barracks, lub tshav puam, thiab lub qhov ntxa, nrog rau kev nthuav dav dav thiab ntau yam memorials.

Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen

Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp hauv Berlin
Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp hauv Berlin

Txog 30 feeb sab qaum teb ntawm Berlin yog qhov chaw nco txog Sachsenhausen, lub qub chaw pw hauv Oranienburg. Lub chaw pw hav zoov tau tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1936 thiab ntau dua 200,000 tus neeg raug kaw ntawm no los ntawm Nazis.

Sachsenhausen yog nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws concentration camps nyob rau hauv Thib Peb Reich: Nws yog thawj lub chaw pw hav zoov tsim nyob rau hauv Heinrich Himmler thiab nws layout tau siv raws li ib tug qauv rau yuav luag tag nrho cov concentration camps nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Tom qab lub chaw pw hav zoov tau dim thaum lub Plaub Hlis 22, 1945, cov Soviets tau siv qhov chaw los ua qhov chaw pw hav zoov rau cov neeg raug kaw hauv tebchaws mus txog rau xyoo 1950. Xyoo 1956, cov phiaj xwm pib tsim los hloov lub chaw pw hav zoov mus rau hauv lub tebchaws memorial. Nws tau qhib rau lub Plaub Hlis 23, 1961 thiab tam sim no qhib rau pej xeem ua lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab nco txog.

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Jewish hauv Berlin

Jewish Museum Berlin
Jewish Museum Berlin

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Jewish hauv Berlin npog thaj tsam ntawm cov neeg Yudais kev paub. Nws hais txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg Yudais nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees los ntawm Roman lub sij hawm mus rau niaj hnub no.

Lub tsev zoo nkauj ntawm Daniel Libeskind lub tsevua palpable txoj kev xav ntawm cov neeg raug exiled thiab ploj. Cov duab ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog reminiscent ntawm lub hnub qub tawg tawg ntawm David, irregularly zoo li lub qhov rais raug txiav mus rau hauv lub steel-clad facade, thiab voids stretch tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub tsev. Lub Holocaust Ntauwd thiab kos duab kos duab "Poob Nplooj" yog lwm qhov kev txav mus los thiab tshwj xeeb.

Concentration Camp Buchenwald

Buchenwald Concentration Camp hauv Tebchaws Yelemees
Buchenwald Concentration Camp hauv Tebchaws Yelemees

Ntau tshaj 250,000 tus neeg los ntawm 50 lub tebchaws raug kaw hauv lub qub chaw pw Buchenwald, ze rau lub nroog Weimar.

Lub chaw nco txog lub tsev ntau yam kev nthuav qhia thiab koj tuaj yeem pom thaj chaw qub ntawm lub chaw pw hav zoov, lub rooj vag thiab lub tsev kaw neeg, cov tsev saib xyuas, lub qhov ntxa, chaw tua kab mob, chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, SS quarters, chaw txua txiag zeb, thiab lub ntxa. Muaj kev taug kev thoob plaws qhov chaw dav, suav nrog cov kev coj los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas qub.

Concentration Camp Bergen-Belsen

Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp
Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp

Bergen-Belsen hauv Lower Saxony tau dhau los ua lub cim thoob ntiaj teb rau qhov txaus ntshai ntawm Holocaust. Anne Frank raug kaw hauv qhov chaw pw hav zoov thiab tuag ntawm Typhus thaum Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1945.

Hnub no, thaj chaw ntawm lub qub concentration camp yog ib lub toj ntxas uas muaj ntau yam sculptures saluting cov neeg raug kev txom nyem thiab tuag ntawm no. Kuj tseem muaj ib lub Chaw Documentation Center, uas nyob hauv txhua cov ntaub ntawv, duab, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tshawb txog keeb kwm ntawm lub yeej.

Neuengamme Concentration Camp

"Der sterbende Häftling" (Tus neeg raug kaw tuag) los ntawm FrançoiseSalmon
"Der sterbende Häftling" (Tus neeg raug kaw tuag) los ntawm FrançoiseSalmon

Lub Neuengamme concentration Camp nyob rau hauv lub qub cib Hoobkas nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm Hamburg yog lub chaw pw loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws suav nrog 80 satellite camps ntawm 1938 thiab 1945.

Lub Tsib Hlis 2005, nyob rau 60th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub yeej thoj nam txoj kev ywj pheej, ib qho chaw rov tsim dua tshiab tau qhib nrog rau ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia uas sau txog keeb kwm ntawm lub xaib thiab nco txog kev txom nyem ntau dua 100,000 tus neeg raug kaw ntawm no. Kaum tsib lub tsev pov npav keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm qhov chaw raug khaws cia.

Tsev ntawm Wannsee Conference

Tsev ntawm Wannsee Conference
Tsev ntawm Wannsee Conference

Cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem sawv hauv chav uas Endlösung lossis "Final Solution" (ie Holocaust) tau npaj tawm. Tam sim no qhov chaw nco txog, Lub Tsev ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham Wannsee yog lwm qhov yuav tsum muaj keeb kwm nres rau tib neeg rov qab cov kauj ruam coj mus rau kev tua neeg loj ntawm kwv yees li 11 lab tus tib neeg.

Concentration Camp Flossenbürg

Flossenburg
Flossenburg

Lub chaw pw tsaug zog Flossenbürg, ua rau xyoo 1938, nyob hauv thaj tsam Upper Palatinate hauv Bavaria. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, ib tug xibhwb uas muaj hwj chim loj hauv German thiab kws tshawb fawb, raug kaw ntawm no thiab tuag tsuas yog 23 hnub ua ntej Flossenbürg tau dim thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1945.

Lub Memorial muaj kev ncig xyuas ua lus Askiv, uas suav nrog qee qhov ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia keeb kwm "Flossenbürg Concentration Camp, 1938-1945."

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