Sanchi Stupa: Phau Ntawv Qhia Ua tiav

2024 Tus sau: Cyrus Reynolds | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-08 04:16

Sanchi Stupa (tseem hu ua Great Stupa lossis Stupa Number 1) tsis yog ib qho ntawm cov tuam tsev qub tshaj plaws hauv Is Nrias teb, nws tseem yog lub pob zeb qub tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Qhov no zoo kawg nkaus monument tau teev nyob rau hauv UNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Site nyob rau hauv 1989 thiab yog zoo heev khaws cia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab nws lub hnub nyoog. Cov neeg tuaj saib feem ntau xav tsis thoob thaum pom tias Sanchi Stupa yog ib feem ntawm lub roob loj dua nrog cov stupas ntxiv, cov tuam tsev, cov tuam tsev thiab cov ncej. Nyeem rau kom paub ntau ntxiv txog nws thiab yuav mus xyuas nws li cas hauv phau ntawv qhia ua tiav no.

History

Kev tsim kho ntawm Sanchi Stupa yog dav ntaus nqi rau Emperor Ashoka nyob rau xyoo pua 3 BC. Ashoka yog tus huab tais thib peb ntawm Mauryan Dynasty muaj zog, uas thaum lub sijhawm kav feem ntau ntawm Indian subcontinent los ntawm Afghanistan mus rau Bengal. Nws raug suav hais tias yog neeg siab phem thiab lim hiam, tau tua tag nrho cov txiv neej sib tw hauv nws tsev neeg los tuav lub zwm txwv tom qab nws txiv tuag.

Cov Mauryans tau ua raws li Vedic rituals, yog vim li cas Ashoka thiaj tsim ib tug monument?

Zaj dab neeg mus hais tias yim xyoo rau hauv nws txoj cai, nyob rau hauv 265 BC, Ashoka txiav txim siab mus txeeb Kalinga (tam sim no-hnub Odisha ntawm Is Nrias teb sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv) nyob rau hauv ib qho kev rau siab mus rau lub tswv yim nthuav nws lub teb chaws Ottoman. Kalinga Tsov Rog tau dhau los ua ib qho loj tshaj plaws thiabntshav sib ntaus sib tua hauv Is Nrias teb keeb kwm. Ashoka yeej. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tua neeg yog qhov txaus ntshai - ntau heev, uas tau hais tias tau ua rau nws muaj kev ntseeg kev cai dab qhuas (lwm tus ntseeg tias "epiphany" yog kev ua nom ua tswv los tawm tsam nws lub koob npe rau kev lim hiam).

Tom qab tsov rog, Ashoka tau mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev ntseeg thiab kev coj ua tsis ncaj ncees. Txhawm rau pab nthuav tawm kev ntseeg, nws tau hais tias nws tsim 84, 000 stupas, txhua qhov muaj qee qhov ntawm Buddha lub cremated cov seem uas tau txais los ntawm lub stupa hauv Rajagriha (tam sim no Rajgir hauv Bihar).

Cov pov thawj Archaeological taw qhia rau Sanchi Stupa yog thawj lub tsev teev ntuj ua los ntawm Ashoka - tsawg kawg nws yog thawj tus tseem sawv. Lub roob xaiv ntawm Sanchi tsis deb ntawm Vidisha, qhov chaw Ashoka thawj tus poj niam Devi, uas yog ib tug neeg ntseeg, nyob. Ib txhia historians ntseeg hais tias Bimbisara, tus kav ntawm lub ancient Magadha lub nceeg vaj thiab txhawb nqa ntawm Buddha, yav tas los tsim ib lub tsev teev ntuj rau cov hauj sam nyob rau ntawd. Lwm tus ntseeg tias Devi tsim lub tsev teev ntuj thiab txhawb nqa lub tsev ntawm lub stupa.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub stupa tus thawj av cib thiab mortar qauv yog ntau yam yooj yim tshaj li niaj hnub no. Thaj, nws tau raug puas tsuaj ib nrab los ntawm huab tais Pushyamitra Shunga tom qab nws yeej Mauryan Dynasty nyob rau hauv 185 BC thiab nrhiav tau Shunga Dynasty ua tiav. Nws tus tub, Agnimitra, tau xav tias tau rov tsim kho thiab nthuav lub stupa los ntawm kev muab nws tso rau hauv pob zeb kom muab nws daim ntawv tam sim no. Ntxiv ntxiv, xws li nws plaub lub pob zeb zoo nkauj carved rooj vag, tau ua nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo pua BC thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lubSatavahana Dynasty.

Ib qho kev sib tw zaum kawg ntawm kev tsim kho tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau xyoo pua tsib AD, thaum Gupta Dynasty tau txiav txim siab ntau ntawm Indian subcontinent. Qhov no suav nrog Buddha sculptures nyob ib ncig ntawm lub stupa, thiab lub tuam tsev Gupta (ib qho piv txwv ntxov ntxov ntawm lub tuam tsev architecture hauv Is Nrias teb).

Sanchi yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev ntseeg hauv Is Nrias teb mus txog rau thaum kev ntseeg poob rau xyoo pua 12 AD. Tom qab ntawd, qhov chaw nws thiaj li tso tseg. Qhov kev pab cuam ntawm cov hav zoov tuab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm tom ntej ntawm Mughal txoj cai hauv Is Nrias teb.

British General Henry Taylor tau tshawb pom thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg hauv 1818. Hmoov tsis zoo, tom qab ntawd nws tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab cov neeg yos hav zoov cov khoom muaj nqis ua ntej kev tsim kho kom zoo pib xyoo 1881. Cov haujlwm tau saib xyuas los ntawm Sir John Hubert Marshall, Tus Thawj Coj General. ntawm Indian Archaeological Survey, thiab ua tiav xyoo 1919.

Qhov chaw

Sanchi yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg mus ncig ua si saum toj kawg nkaus hauv Madhya Pradesh. Nws nyob hauv cheeb tsam Raisen txog ib teev qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Bhopal, lub xeev peev.

Yuav Tau Li Cas

tshav dav hlau ze tshaj plaws nyob hauv Bhopal. Sanchi tuaj yeem yooj yim tuaj xyuas ntawm ib hnub mus ncig los ntawm Bhopal. Ib lub tsheb tavxij yuav raug nqi txog 2,000 rupees upwards rau ib ncig mus ncig. Nco ntsoov tias koj yuav hla Tropic of Cancer ntawm txoj kev mus rau Sanchi! Muaj ib daim paib ntawm txoj kev loj thiab koj tuaj yeem nres rau daim duab.

Hloov pauv, Sanchi muaj chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau uas txuas nrog Bhopal, thiab muaj cov tsheb ciav hlau thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tav su. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlauchaw nres tsheb hauv Vidisha tau txais ntau lub tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm lwm qhov chaw. Nws yog 15 feeb deb ntawm Sanchi.

Kev caij tsheb npav hauv zos los ntawm Bhopal mus rau Sanchi yog lwm qhov kev xaiv pheej yig. Tus nqi yog kwv yees li 50 rupees rau ib tus neeg.

Daim pib yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv lub monument complex thiab saib Sanchi Stupa. Cov no tuaj yeem yuav hauv online ntawm no (xaiv Bhopal thiab Buddha Monuments) lossis ntawm daim pib daim npav sab nraum qhov chaw. Tus nqi yog 40 rupees rau ib tus neeg rau Isdias Asmesliskas thiab 600 rupees rau cov neeg txawv tebchaws. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 15 xyoos tsis tas yuav them.

Nco ntsoov koj hnav nkawm khau zoo vim tias yuav tsum taug kev me ntsis kom npog tag nrho txoj kev.

Yuav ua li cas muaj

Cia tsawg kawg ib teev los tshawb txog qhov nyuaj (lossis ntau dua yog tias koj xav paub keeb kwm thiab ntiav cov lus qhia).

Sanchi Stupa yog, ntawm chav kawm, lub ntsiab attraction. Qhov loj loj dome-shaped monument yog hais txog 36.5 meters (120 ko taw) dav thiab 16.4 meters (54 ko taw) siab tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau sab hauv. Hloov chaw, cov neeg ntseeg pe hawm nws los ntawm kev taug kev nyob ib puag ncig nws nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev clockwise. Qhov no ua raws li txoj kev ntawm lub hnub thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lub ntug. Lub stupa muaj cov npe ntawm ntau tshaj 600 tus neeg, uas pub nyiaj rau nws kev tsim kho, kos rau ntawm nws.

Lub stupa plaub lub rooj vag, uas fim tag nrho plaub txoj kev, yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lawv nyob nraum adorned nrog intricate carvings depict ntau yam scenes ntawm lub Buddha lub neej, incarnations, thiab txuam tej txuj ci tseem ceeb.

Ib feem ntawm ib tug ncej, kuj ua los ntawm Ashoka, sawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub stupa lub sab qab teb rooj vag. Ashokatxhim tsa ntau tus ncej no hla nws thaj chaw nyob rau sab qaum teb Is Nrias teb, nrog cov ntawv sau rau ntawm lawv uas qhia nws cov lus qhuab qhia. Tsuas yog 19 tus ncej tseem muaj sia nyob thiab qhov no yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws. Nws ceeb toom ntawm schism nyob rau hauv lub zej zog Buddhist.

Lwm cov monuments tau tawg mus thoob plaws hauv txoj kev, feem ntau nyob ze ntawm Sanchi Stupa. Cov no suav nrog Stupa Number 3, Tuam Tsev 17 (the fifth century Gupta tuam tsev), Tuam Tsev 18 (ib lub tuam tsev xya xyoo pua), Tuam Tsev 45 (lub tuam tsev kawg yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua cuaj), lub Great Bowl (carved tawm ntawm ib leeg. pob zeb thaiv thiab siv los pub cov hauj sam) thiab ruins ntawm lwm cov ncej me, stupas thiab monasteries. Lub cev relics ntawm ob tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Buddha cov thwj tim tau pom nyob rau hauv Stupa 3, thiab nws lub dome yog crowned nrog polished pob zeb los cim nws txoj kev ntseeg tseem ceeb. Lub Plainer Stupa Number 2 yog nyob downhill thiab muaj cov relics ntawm ob peb tug xib hwb. Nws yog ringed los ntawm ib tug balustrade carved nrog paj, tsiaj, tib neeg, thiab lwm yam tsiaj.

Ib lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv keeb kwm keeb kwm, khaws cia los ntawm Archaeological Survey ntawm Is Nrias teb, tsuas yog dhau ntawm daim pib lub txee muaj qee cov khoom nthuav tawm uas tau rov qab los thaum khawb ntawm Sanchi. Cov no suav nrog rau sab saum toj ntawm Ashoka Pillar nrog plaub tus tsov ntxhuav rau nws (qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Is Nrias teb lub teb chaws cim) thiab cov khoom siv los ntawm cov hauj sam. Lub tsev ntawm John Marshall tseem nyob hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Daim pib raug nqi 5 rupees rau ib tus neeg thiab lub tsev kaw rau hnub Friday.

Muaj ntau qhov chaw ncig Sanchi ib yam nkaus, xws li cov hauj lwm qub qubstupas ntawm Sonari, Andher, thiab Satdhara. Chetiyagiri Vihara, ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1952, tsev cov relics ntawm Buddha cov thwj tim pom nyob rau hauv Stupa 3 thiab kuj nyob rau hauv ib tug stupa ntawm Satdhara. Raisen Fort, lub qhov tsua pob zeb txiav los ntawm lub sijhawm Gupta ntawm Udayagiri, thiab Heliodorus Pillar (tsim los ntawm Greek ambassador Heliodorus nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 2 BC) yog tsim nyog mus xyuas ib yam nkaus.

Cov neeg uas txaus siab rau cov lus qhuab qhia hauv Vajluskub tuaj yeem xav ua 10-hnub Vipassana kev ua haujlwm ntsiag to ntawm Dhamma Pala Vipassana meditation center ze Bhopal.

nyob qhov twg

Madhya Pradesh Tourism's Gateway Retreat lub tsev so nyob ze ze rau lub monument complex hauv Sanchi (txawm hais tias ntawm txoj kev loj thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau). Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas sib xyaw hauv kev hais txog kev huv thiab kev saib xyuas. Cia siab tias yuav them txog 2,500 rupees ib hmos nce toj.

Lub Madhya Pradesh Tourism Jungle Resort txog 15 feeb ntawm Udayagiri yog qhov zoo dua thawj koom ruam, nrog cov nqi zoo sib xws nrog cov xwm txheej.

Txwv tsis pub, muaj ntau qhov kev pab xaiv los ntawm Bhopal. Jehan Numa Palace yog lub tsev so khoom kim heev cov cuab yeej cuab tam uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev splurge. Cov nqi pib txij li 8,500 rupees ib hmos. Lub Kaum Suites yog lub tsev so tshiab atmospheric boutique nrog, raws li nws lub npe qhia, 10 zoo-tsim suites. Nws kuj muaj chav ua noj, tsev qiv ntawv, lounge thiab vaj rau cov qhua siv. Cia siab tias yuav them txog 4,000 rupees ib hmos nce. Lago Villa yog ib qho chaw zoo nkauj nyob ib sab ntawm lub pas dej. Nws muaj chav los ntawm 3,000 rupees ib hmos rau ib ob. Jheelum homestay yog qhov chaw tos txais thiab thaj yeeb nyab xeeb raucov neeg mus ncig ntawm pob nyiaj siv. Cov tswv tsev yog ib tug tub ceev xwm laus laus thiab nws tus poj niam. Tus nqi pib ntawm 900 rupees ib hmos.