Qhia rau Odisha's Pob Zeb Diamond Daim duab peb sab Cov Chaw

2024 Tus sau: Cyrus Reynolds | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-08 03:21

Koj tuaj yeem zam txim rau qhov tsis paub txog qhov chaw dawb huv hauv Odisha. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv tsuas yog raug khawb tsis ntev los no thiab tseem tsis tau tshawb nrhiav ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau dua 200 qhov chaw ntseeg, tawg thoob plaws qhov ntev thiab dav ntawm lub xeev, tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb archaeological no. Lawv qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Buddhism nyob rau hauv Odisha los ntawm lub xyoo pua 6th BC mus rau tsawg kawg yog 15th-16th centuries AD, nrog rau lub 8th-10th centuries yog lub sij hawm thaum nws yeej vam meej. Cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev ntseeg los ntawm txhua pawg ntseeg (xws li Hinayana, Mahayana, Tantrayana, thiab offshoots xws li Vajrayana, Kalacakrayana, thiab Sahajayana) tau ntseeg tias tau ua hauv Odisha, muab lub xeev cov cuab yeej cuab tam nplua nuj.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg ntseeg vaj tse tuaj yeem pom ntawm peb qhov chaw - Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, thiab Lalitgiri - hu ua "Daim duab peb sab pob zeb". Cov chaw muaj xws li ib tug series ntawm monasteries, lub tuam tsev, thaj neeb, stupas, thiab zoo nkauj sculptures ntawm Buddha dluab. Lawv qhov chaw nyob deb nroog, ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes thiab cov liaj teb, yog qhov zoo nkauj thiab thaj yeeb.

Odisha Tourism tau siv ob peb xyoos dhau los tsim cov chaw ncig tebchaws ncig cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam tsev, uas tam sim no yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw ncig xyuas sab saum toj raumus ntsib hauv Odisha.

Yuav Ua Li Cas Mus Saib Odisha Cov Chaw Ua Haujlwm?

Odisha's "Diamond Triangle" ntawm cov chaw ntseeg (Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, thiab Lalitagiri) nyob hauv Assia Hills hauv xeev Jajpur koog tsev kawm ntawv, txog ob teev sab qaum teb ntawm Bhubaneshwar. Lub tshav dav hlau ze tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Bhubaneshwar, thaum lub tshav dav hlau loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Cuttack.

Indian Railway tshwj xeeb Mahaparinirvan Express Cov Neeg Ncig Tebchaws Ncig Tebchaws tau pib suav nrog Odisha cov chaw ntseeg hauv nws txoj kev taug kev, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis tu ncua vim tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa. Swosti Travels yog lub chaw muab kev pabcuam loj tshaj plaws hauv Odisha thiab tuaj yeem saib xyuas txhua qhov kev npaj, suav nrog tsheb ntiav.

Cov neeg uas xav mus xyuas cov chaw ntawm nws tus kheej tuaj yeem nyob ntawm Toshali lub tsev so ntawm Ratnagiri, uas tau qhib rau lub Plaub Hlis 2013. Nws yog qhov yooj yim nyob rau sab nraud ntawm Archaeological Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ratnagiri thiab ze rau Ratnagiri cov kev lom zem. Udayagiri nyob qis dua 30 feeb sab hnub poob ntawm Ratnagiri, thaum Lalitgiri yog li 20 feeb sab qab teb ntawm Udayagiri thiab 40 feeb sab hnub poob ntawm Ratnagiri.

Hloov pauv, Daim Duab Peb Hlis tuaj yeem yooj yim them rau ib hnub mus ncig los ntawm Odisha cov cuab yeej cuab tam tsev so xws li Killa Aul Palace, Kila Dalijoda, Dhenkanal Palace, thiab Gajlaxmi Palace.

Thaum twg Zoo Tshaj Rau Mus Saib?

Lub hli qhuav qhuav txij lub Kaum Hli mus txog Lub Peb Hlis yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Txwv tsis pub, huab cua tau kub heev thaum lub Plaub Hlis thiab Tsib Hlis ua ntej pib lub monsoon.

Nyeem kom paub ntxiv txog Odisha peb tus neeg tseem ceeb tshaj plawssites.

Ratnagiri

Ratnagiri, "Tsov ntawm Jewels", muaj ntau qhov kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Odisha thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws raws li lub tuam tsev hauj sam - ob qho tib si rau nws cov duab puab zoo nkauj thiab ua qhov chaw rau kev qhia txog kev ntseeg. Ib qho ntawm thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv ntiaj teb, sib tw lub npe nrov ntawm Nalanda (hauv xeev Bihar), ntseeg tau tias nyob hauv Ratnagiri.

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Ratnagiri hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 6 AD. Nws zoo nkaus li tias Buddhism tau vam meej tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov ntawd mus txog rau xyoo pua 12 AD. Thaum pib, nws yog qhov chaw rau Mahayana Buddhist. Thaum lub sij hawm 8th thiab 9th centuries AD, nws tau los ua ib qho chaw tseem ceeb rau Tantric Buddhism. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kalachakra Tantra.

Ratnagiri qhov chaw tau tshawb pom nyob rau xyoo 1905. Kev khawb tawm thaum xyoo 1958 txog 1961 tau nthuav tawm lub stupa loj, ob lub tsev teev ntuj, thaj neeb, ntau lub tsev teev dab mlom (cov excavations tig li ntau li xya puas ntawm lawv!), loj heev. Muaj pes tsawg tus terracotta thiab pob zeb sculptures, architectural fragments, thiab plentiful Buddhist antiquities xws li tooj liab, tooj liab thiab tooj dag khoom (qee yam nrog cov dluab ntawm Buddha).

Lub tsev teev ntuj hu ua Monastery 1, tsim nyob rau hauv 8th-9th centuries AD, yog lub loj tshaj plaws excavated monastery nyob rau hauv Odisha. Nws elaborately carved ntsuab qhov rooj ua rau 24 cib hlwb. Kuj tseem muaj lub rooj zaum Buddha duab puab, flanked los ntawm Padmapani thiab Vajrapani, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab sanctum.

Lub pob zeb loj heevntawm tus Tswv Buddha lub taub hau ntawm Ratnagiri yog qhov tshwj xeeb awe-inspiring. Ntau tshaj li ob lub taub hau ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, zoo kawg nkaus piav qhia txog kev xav txog kev xav ntawm Buddha, tau pom thaum lub sijhawm excavations. Lawv raug suav hais tias yog kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Ratnagiri qhov chaw qhib txhua hnub thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov txog 5 teev tsaus ntuj. Daim pib nkag raug nqi 25 rupees rau Indians thiab 300 rupees rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws.

Ntau cov duab puab pob zeb kuj tau raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw thiab tam sim no tau tso tawm hauv plaub qhov chaw ntawm Archaeological Survey of India Museum hauv Ratnagiri. Nws qhib txhua hnub los ntawm 10 teev sawv ntxov txog 5 teev tsaus ntuj, tshwj tsis yog hnub Friday. Daim pib nqi 10 rupees rau cov neeg Khab thiab neeg txawv teb chaws.

Udayagiri

Udayagiri, "Sunrise Hill", yog lub tsev rau lwm qhov chaw ua haujlwm loj hauv Odisha. Nws muaj ib tug cib stupa, ob lub cib monasteries, ib tug stepped pob zeb zoo nrog inscriptions rau nws, thiab ntau pob zeb-txiav cov Buddha sculptures.

Lub chaw Udayagiri tau sau hnub tim rov qab mus rau 1st-13th centuries AD. Txawm hais tias nws tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1870, kev khawb av tsis tau pib txog xyoo 1985. Lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv ob theem hla ob qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm 200 meters sib nrug - Udayagiri 1 ntawm 1985 txog 1989, thiab Udayagiri 2 los ntawm 1997 txog 2003. Cov seem qhia. tias cov chaw nyob tau hu ua "Madhavapura Mahavihara" thiab "Simhaprastha Mahavihara", feem.

Lub stupa ntawm Udayagiri 1 muaj plaub lub rooj zaum pob zeb ntawm tus Tswv Buddha, enshrined thiab tig ntsej muagtxhua txoj kev. Lub tsev teev ntuj muaj kuj yog impressive, nrog 18 hlwb thiab lub thaj neeb chamber uas muaj intricately carved ornamental facade. Lub excavation tau muab ntau cov duab Buddha thiab pob zeb sculptures ntawm Buddha divinities ib yam nkaus.

Ntawm Udayagiri 2, muaj ib qho chaw loj heev nrog 13 lub hlwb thiab tus mlom loj ntawm Buddha, zaum hauv bhumisparsa mudra. Nws cov vaulted arches yog ib qho kev zoo nkauj ntawm architectural los ntawm 8th-9th caug xyoo AD. Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj no yog txoj hauv kev nyob ib puag ncig nws lub thaj neeb, uas tsis pom nyob hauv lwm qhov chaw nyob hauv Odisha.

Lwm qhov kev nyiam ntawm Udayagiri yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov duab pob zeb txiav, saib tus dej Birupa (lub npe hu ua Solapumaa) hauv qab no. Muaj tsib daim duab uas muaj lub neej loj-loj loj Boddhisattva, ib tug sawv ntsug Buddha, ib tug vajtswv poj niam zaum saum lub stupa, ib tug ntxiv sawv Boddhisattva, thiab ib tug zaum Bodhisattva.

Lub vev xaib Udayagiri cog lus tias muaj khoom muaj nqis ntxiv, vim tias tseem muaj ntau ntxiv rau kev khawb. Nws qhib txhua hnub los ntawm 9 teev sawv ntxov txog 5 teev tsaus ntuj. Nkag mus yog dawb.

Lalitgiri

Cov ruins ntawm Lalitgiri, thaum tsis yog qhov dav npaum li cov nyob hauv Ratnagiri thiab Udayagiri, yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov neeg laus tshaj plaws nyob hauv Odisha. Cov kev khawb av loj tau ua los ntawm 1985 txog 1992 tau tshawb pom cov pov thawj ntawm nws tau nyob tsis tu ncua los ntawm 2nd xyoo pua BC mus rau 13th caug xyoo AD.

Cov kev khawb tau pom ib lub tsev loj, ib qho chaw apsidal chaitya lossis chaityagriha, plaub lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab ntau lub pob zeb sculptures ntawm Buddha thiab BuddhistVajtswv txojlus.

Undoubtedly, qhov kev tshawb pom uas zoo siab tshaj plaws yog peb lub pob zeb uas muaj txiaj ntsig (ob qho uas muaj cov pob txha me me) hauv lub stupa ntawm Lalitgiri. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hais tias tom qab Buddha tuag, nws cov corporal seem raug faib rau nws cov thwj tim los muab tso rau hauv stupas. Yog li ntawd, cov seem yog suav tias yog tus Buddha nws tus kheej, los yog ib qho ntawm nws cov thwj tim tseem ceeb. Cov seem no tam sim no tso rau hauv qhov tshiab Archaeological Survey of India Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lalitgiri, uas tau qhib rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2018.

Lub apsidal chaitya hall unearthed ntawm Lalitgiri kuj yog thawj ntawm nws hom nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm Buddhism nyob rau hauv Odisha (ib tug Jain tau pom nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ua ntej). Lub tsev teev ntuj no muaj ib lub voj voog ib nrab thiab muaj lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm qhov chaw, txawm tias nws puas tsuaj heev. Ib daim ntawv sau qhia tus qauv rau 2nd-3rd centuries AD.

Ntau yam ntawm cov duab puab pom thaum lub sijhawm khawb yog nyob hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshiab ntawm Lalitgiri. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb, niaj hnub tsev cia puav pheej nrog rau qhov chaw.

Lub chaw Lalitgiri qhib txhua hnub thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov txog 5 teev tsaus ntuj. Daim pib nkag raug nqi 25 rupees rau Indians thiab 300 rupees rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws.