Vienna's St. Stephen's Cathedral: Phau Ntawv Qhia Ua tiav

2024 Tus sau: Cyrus Reynolds | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-08 03:39

Looming siab dhau lub nroog Austrian ntawm Vienna, St. Stephen's Cathedral yog ob qho tib si lub cim ntawm lub nroog niaj hnub no thiab pov thawj ntawm nws cov keeb kwm ntau pua xyoo. Ntau pua xyoo ua ntej lub hwj chim Habsburg lub teb chaws Ottoman reconstructed lub nroog nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej daim duab, St. Stephen's twb dominated lub qab ntug. Nrog nws cov plaub zoo nkauj, imposing towers thiab cov vov tsev vuas tshwj xeeb, Cathedral yog qhov pom zoo rau pom. Tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob nws niaj hnub hais hauv phau ntawv qhia ua ib qho ntawm cov kev nyiam tshaj plaws pom hauv Vienna, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thawj zaug. Txij li qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nce toj Sab Qab Teb Ntauwd ntau dua 300 cov kauj ruam mus rau sab saum toj kuj muaj peev xwm ua kom pom kev zoo nkauj ntawm tag nrho lub nroog-yeej yuav tsum yog tias koj txaus siab thiab muaj peev xwm.

History: Los ntawm 12th Century mus rau tam sim no

Nws yuav yog qhov yuam kev los saib qhov masterpiece ntawm Romanesque thiab Gothic architecture li cas khov rau lub sijhawm. Hauv kev muaj tiag, nws tau hloov kho ntau pua xyoo nrog rau lub nroog nws tus kheej, kho dua tshiab thiab nthuav dav ntawm ntau qhov sib txuas hauv keeb kwm. Lub tuam tsev peb pom niaj hnub no tau tsim ua ntej thaum xyoo pua 12th thiab tau ua haujlwm los ntawm Leopold IV. Ua kom paub txog qhov tseem ceeb zuj zus ntawm Vienna ua qhov chaw ntawmkev pe hawm kev cai dab qhuas nrog rau kev lag luam, kev tsim kho medieval yog superimposed ntawm lub ruins ntawm ob lub tsev teev ntuj ua ntej. Qhov no suav nrog pawg ntseeg pawg ntseeg thiab ib tus laus dua uas ntseeg tau txog hnub rov qab mus txog xyoo pua 5. Cov pov thawj archaeological kuj qhia tias ib lub toj ntxas Roman loj nyob hauv qab lub Cathedral; khawb ntawm no tau nthuav tawm qhov ntxa uas pom tau tsim thaum xyoo pua 4.

Thawj, feem ntau Romanesque-style lub tsev teev ntuj tau pib ua tiav hauv 1160, tab sis kev nthuav dav thiab kev kho dua tshiab yog tas li mus txog xyoo 17th. Romanesque yees thiab phab ntsa tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm xyoo pua 13th, thiab ib feem ntawm qhov kev tsim kho tseem nyob rau niaj hnub no.

Lub Hluav Taws Kub Loj thiab Kev Txiav Txim Siab: Qhov hluav taws kub hnyiab loj heev thiab ua rau St. Stephen's puas tsuaj loj thaum nruab nrab xyoo pua 13th, ua rau muaj kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm uas suav nrog cov pej thuam tseem muaj sia nyob.. Muaj kev fij tshiab rau lub Plaub Hlis 1263, thiab lub sijhawm no tau ua kev nco txog txhua xyoo los ntawm lub suab nrov ntawm lub suab nrov, lub tswb nrov Pummerin rau tag nrho peb feeb.

High-Gothic Expansion: Thaum lub sijhawm xyoo pua 14th, Vaj Ntxwv Albert I tau txib peb pawg hu nkauj hauv Gothic style, txuas ntxiv nthuav lub tsev teev ntuj tom qab ntawd thiab ntxiv kev zoo siab. cov ntsiab lus uas tseem nyob rau hnub no. Lwm cov huab tais txuas ntxiv nthuav dav thoob plaws lub sijhawm nruab nrab nruab nrab, hloov pauv cov qub Romanesque kom txog thaum tag nrho lub tsev qub qub tau hloov pauv. Tshiab yees thiab vaulting tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 14th. Remodeling thiabKev tsim kho ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus rau sab nrauv thiab sab hauv tib yam los ntawm lub sijhawm Baroque (17th thiab 18th centuries).

Tsim kom muaj Vienna Diocese: Lub tsev teev ntuj tau hloov mus ua Cathedral thiab tau los ua lub rooj zaum ntawm Diocese tshiab ntawm Vienna. Nws tau raug tsim tsa thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1469, nrog rau St. Stephen's Cathedral uas yog nws niam lub tsev teev ntuj. Xyoo 1722, nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Pope Innocent XIII, nws tau los ua lub rooj zaum ntawm Vienna Archbishop.

Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II thiab Tshaj: Raws li Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2 tab tom mus txog ze thiab Nazi-nyob Vienna tau raug ntes los ntawm Allied cov tub rog, lub Cathedral tau dim ntawm kev puas tsuaj thaum German Tus tauj ncov loj Gerhard Klinkicht pom tau tias tsis ua raws li cov lus txib kom "hluav taws ib puas plhaub" ntawm nws, uas yuav ua kom puas tsuaj tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, hluav taws kub los ntawm cov kev kub ntxhov nyob ze thaum kawg tau mus txog lub Cathedral, ua rau nws lub ru tsev ntes hluav taws thiab tawg. Hmoov tsis zoo, qee qhov chaw ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, yos mus rau lub xyoo pua 15th, tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia. Tsis ntev tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, St. Stephen's tau rov tsim dua ib zaug, rov qhib tag nrho hauv xyoo 1952. Nws niaj hnub guise, nrog rau cov yeeb yuj imperial rooftop vuas uas muab lub Cathedral nws txawv txawv thiab hnub tim rau Habsburg dynasty, tsis tau hloov. zoo heev los ntawm nruab nrab-20th caug xyoo.

Pom Muaj Dab Tsi

Muaj ntau qhov pom ntawm St. Stephen's, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los npaj sijhawm txaus rau koj mus ntsib. Yog hais tias koj xav tsom mus rau tsuas yog lub ntsiab interiors ntawm lub Cathedral raws li zoo raws li lub facade, pob nyiaj siv ib teev; rau kev qhia tag nrhoncig saib uas suav nrog cov yees, catacombs thiab reliquaries, pob nyiaj siv ob thiab ib nrab teev.

Lub Facade thiab Plaub Yees: Qhov siab ntawm Cathedral yooj yim catches qhov muag, txawm tias nyob deb heev. Raws li lub rooj zaum medieval ntawm Vienna Diocese, qhov grandeur no yog ob qho tib si muaj siab xav thiab lub cim tseem ceeb. Txaus siab rau lub Cathedral flamboyant plaub lub siab siab ntawm ntau qhov kev xav. Tom qab ntawd, nce toj siab rau kev pom zoo tshaj plaws thoob plaws lub nroog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm Sab Qab Teb Ntauwd txij li qhov spire mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv nroog ntawm 136 meters (446 ko taw). Sim mus rau hnub ntshiab kom pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Sau cov yeeb yuj, txawv txawv cov vuas ci ntsa iab uas kho lub ru tsev. Tus naj npawb zoo kawg 230, 000, cov no tuaj ua ke los tsim cov qauv mosaic hauv cov duab ntawm Vienna lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, nrog rau Imperial ob-headed Eagle uas ua cim rau Habsburg dynasty. Lub ru tsev lawv tus kheej yog qhov ua rau ntxhab, qiv ntxiv kev tshav ntuj thiab cov kab txawv txawv txawv rau lub façade.

Lub Tswb: Lub tsev yees 23 lub tswb, thiab qee qhov yog cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav hauv Tebchaws Europe. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov no nyob deb yog Pummerin tswb nyob hauv North Tower. Tsuas yog tshaj 44 phaus hauv qhov hnyav, nws yog lub tswb nrov tshaj plaws thib ob hauv pawg ntseeg nyob hauv Europe.

Sab hauv: Cov ornate interiors zoo heev cuam tshuam lub sijhawm ntawm Baroque renovation thaum xyoo pua 17th, melding nrog cov ntsiab lus siab-Gothic dhau los ntawm Cathedral lub sijhawm medieval.

Altars: Muaj ntau tshaj 40 qhov nothoob plaws hauv pawg ntseeg, suav nrog ntau lub tsev teev ntuj. Ib qho ua kom pom tseeb rau koj yog lub Tuam Tsev Siab, ua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-17th caug xyoo. Sawv cev rau lub pob zeb ntawm St. Stephen nws tus kheej, lub thaj yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau lwm tus neeg ntseeg. Lub Wiener Neustädter Altar kuj zoo nkauj thiab tsim nyog qhuas. Nws hnub mus rau nruab nrab-15th caug xyoo thiab raug txib los ntawm Emperor Frederick III; Nws raug muab tso rau hauv lub Cathedral thiab nws lub qhov ntxa tuaj yeem mus xyuas tau.

Lub Pulpit: Nco ntsoov siv sijhawm los qhuas cov pob zeb zoo nkauj, suav nrog ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm kos duab los ua ib qho txuj ci ntawm lub sijhawm Gothic lig. Txhua tus ntawm plaub tus neeg dawb huv nyob rau ntawm lub sam thiaj sawv cev rau qhov sib txawv ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab theem ntawm lub neej. Lwm cov khoom dai ntawm lub sam thiaj suav nrog cov ntoo ntawm lizards thiab cov toads koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov phem.

Nyob hauv qab ntaiv ntawm lub sam thiaj, koj yuav pom ib qho ntawm Cathedral cov cim tshaj plaws. Paub tias yog "Fenstergucker" (qhov rais-gawker), tus pej thuam yog ostensibly tus kheej-portrait ntawm tus sculptor uas tsim lub sam thiaj.

Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj thiab Reliquaries: Lub Cathedral boasts ntau ornate chapels thiab reliquaries. Ntawm qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws suav nrog St Katherine's Chapel, nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Sab Qab Teb Ntauwd. Ntawm no, cov mlom ntawm plaub tus tshajtawm hauv marble tuaj yeem qhuas, nrog rau cov duab qhia txog kaum ob tug tubtxib, Yexus thiab, ntawm chav kawm, St. Stephen nws tus kheej. Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Ntoo Khaublig, lub sijhawm no, harbors lub qhov ntxa ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Eugene ntawm Savoy; lub vault no tuav peb lub hleb thiab ib lub urn uas muajnws lub siab. Nws nyob ntawm no tias lub ntees tuag rau tus kws sau nkauj Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart tau muaj nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1791. Lub tsev teev ntuj yog hmoov tsis qhib rau cov pej xeem. St. Valentine's Chapel, nyob rau saum lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Ntoo Khaublig, tuav lub Cathedral lub ntsiab reliquaries, los yog cov khoom ntawm kev cai dab qhuas tseem ceeb. Ntau pua ntawm cov no tau tso rau ntawm no; relics tseem ceeb tshaj muaj xws li ib daim ntaub ntawm lub rooj xav tias tau siv thaum lub sij hawm noj hmo kawg nrog Tswv Yexus.

Lub Catacombs: Lub Catacombs hauv qab lub Cathedral yog qhov txaus nyiam thiab tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas ua ib feem ntawm kev ncig xyuas. Txij li thaum St. Stephen's tau ua rau saum Roman thiab thaum ntxov medieval toj ntxas thiab nws tus kheej tau ua ib tug crypt rau ntau centuries, mus saib lub subterranean ib feem ntawm lub Koom Txoos yog ib txoj kev mus tiag tiag rov qab mus rau lub sij hawm.

Cov qhov ntxa tseem ceeb hauv cov catacombs suav nrog cov uas tuav cov seem ntawm Vajntxwv Roman Emperor Frederick III, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Eugene ntawm Savoy, thiab "Ducal Crypt," uas tuav cov seem ntawm ntau tus tswv cuab ntawm Habsburg Imperial pawg neeg muaj zog.

Cov catacombs kuj tseem nthuav rau lawv txoj kev sib txuas nrog tus kab mob plague ntawm 1735-cov pob txha thiab pob txha taub hau ntawm qee tus 11,000 tus neeg raug faus rau hauv. Cov kev coj noj coj ua feem ntau tso cai rau cov neeg tuaj saib pom qee yam ntawm cov seem no, uas yog qhov tsis zoo tab sis pom kev txaus nyiam.

Concerts thiab Music ntawm St. Stephen's

Vienna yog qhov chaw keeb kwm rau cov suab paj nruag classical thiab choral, thiab St. Stephen's muaj keeb kwm ntev hauv qhov chaw no. Tus kws sau nkauj Haydn ib zaug hu nkauj hauv pawg hu nkauj no, thiab Mozart tau sib yuav ntawmCathedral. Txhua tus uas muaj kev txaus siab rau cov suab paj nruag classical thiab choral yuav tsum xav txog kev mus koom kev hais kwv txhiaj lossis suab paj nruag thaum nyob hauv Vienna. Saib nplooj ntawv no kom paub ntau ntxiv txog kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab cov xwm txheej tom ntej.

Yuav Ua Li Cas Mus Txog Cathedral

Lub Cathedral qhib txhua xyoo, Monday txog Saturday thaum 6:00 teev sawv ntxov txog 10:00 teev tsaus ntuj. thiab hnub Sunday thiab hnub so rau pej xeem (xws li Hnub Xyoo Tshiab thiab Hnub Christmas) thaum 7:00 teev sawv ntxov txog 10:00 teev tsaus ntuj. Kev nkag mus rau thaj chaw tseem ceeb yog dawb, tab sis kev mus ncig ua si tau txais kev pom zoo kom txaus siab rau thaj chaw uas tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov pej xeem. Cov no suav nrog cov catacombs thiab crypt (uas tuav lub qhov ntxa zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov npis sov thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm Habsburg imperial dynasty), Sab Qab Teb thiab North Ntauwd, thiab txwv thaj chaw nrog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kos duab thiab reliquaries. Mus saib lub vev xaib raug cai kom paub meej cov lus qhia txog kev ncig xyuas, tus nqi tam sim no, thiab sijhawm.

Qee thaj chaw ntawm Cathedral, suav nrog qhov nkag nkag, yog lub rooj zaum muaj log nkag tau. Lwm tus, suav nrog cov yees thiab catacombs, tsis yog. Yog tias koj yog ib tus neeg tuaj saib uas muaj kev txwv tsis pub txav mus los, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntawm nplooj ntawv no.

Yuav Tau Li Cas

Lub Cathedral nyob ntawm 3 Stephansplatz nyob rau hauv central Vienna, ntawm lub loj thiab vibrant square uas qhia nws lub npe. Qhov ze tshaj U-Bahn (Underground) chaw nres tsheb yog Stephansplatz (Line U3). Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev npaj koj mus ntsib qhov ntawd, mus saib lub vev xaib raug cai lossis Vienna Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Neeg Ncig Tebchaws.

Yuav Ua Li Cas Nyob ze

St. Stephen's yog nyob ze ze ntawmMuaj ntau qhov chaw tseem ceeb thiab cov attractions hauv Central Vienna. Cov no suav nrog Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Jewish, qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev nco nyob hauv ib lub nroog uas pom qee tus 65,000 cov neeg Yudais hauv zos raug xa mus rau qhov chaw tuag thaum lub sijhawm Adolf Hitler kav.

Stephansplatz nws tus kheej kuj tsim nyog qhuas raws li ib qho ntawm Vienna qhov loj tshaj plaws squares, thiab nws nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog. Nco ntsoov ua lub qhov rais-khw lossis pib ntawm kev mus yuav khoom ntawm txoj kev dav hu ua Graben; Karntner Strasse kuj muaj npe nrov rau nws cov khoom zoo nkauj, ntau lub khw thiab khw.