Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Apollo ntawm Delphi: Phau Ntawv Qhia Ua tiav

2024 Tus sau: Cyrus Reynolds | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-08 03:39

Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Apollo ntawm Delphi yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev mus ncig tshwj xeeb. Tsis zoo li lwm lub tuam tsev Greek thaum ub uas koj tuaj yeem tshawb txog ib teev lossis ob zaug, koj tuaj yeem npaj siv sijhawm ib hnub mus xyuas Apollo lub thaj neeb ntawm Delphi. Nws yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw dawb ceev loj uas muaj ntau yam los tshawb nrhiav thiab kawm txog.

Lub tuam tsev nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw dawb ceev nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Mt. Parnassus. Saum toj no, ib qho chaw zoo nkauj amphitheatre yog tucked, zoo li lub tuam tsev, mus rau hauv lub ntuj crescent tsim los ntawm lub roob. Tseem siab dua, lub chaw ntau pob thaum ub loj heev yog qhov chaw ntawm Pythian Games, Panhellenic kev sib tw uas yog, nyob rau hauv lawv lub hnub, loj dua thiab tseem ceeb tshaj qhov qub Olympics.

Neeg Apollo lub Tuam Tsev, nyob rau hauv lub hav Phocis, ib tug tob ntsuab dej ntawm tsheej lab ntawm cov ntoo txiv ntseej kis thiab plunges los ntawm lub roob mus rau lub hiav txwv. Lawv tseem sau Kalamata cov txiv ntseej hauv Apollo cov hav zoov ib yam li lawv tau ua ntau pua, thiab tej zaum ntau txhiab xyoo.

Nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj no, koj yuav tau zam txim rau qhov kev xav tias cov ruins ntawm lub tuam tsev, rau Doric txhua kab thiab ntau txheej txheej ntawm cov pob zeb hnav khaub ncaws hla nrog cov kauj ruam thiab nqe lus, kuj yogtsis tseem ceeb.

Tab sis koj yuav yuam kev. Vim nws nyob ntawm no Apollo hais lus los yav tom ntej thiab riddles (los ntawm lub suab ntawm Pythia) lub Delphic Oracle, thiab txoj hmoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ub tau zoo li.

Yam Koj Yuav Pom Ntawm Lub Tuam Tsev Teev Ntuj Apollo

Lub chaw archaeological ntawm Delphi yog li 100 mais qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Athens, saum lub Gulf of Corinth, ntawm txoj kev tseem ceeb EO48. Lub Tuam Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Apollo nyob saum txoj kev thaum qhov sib npaug, txawm tias me dua, Sanctuary ntawm Athena Pronaia zaum hauv qab txoj kev.

Ib txoj kev uas muaj marble winding, Txoj Kev Dawb Huv yog txoj kev nce toj tsis tu ncua taug kev uas nce toj mus txog qhov chaw dawb huv mus rau lub Tuam Tsev Apollo. Hnav cov khau khov kho vim tias txoj kev mus yuav tsis sib luag hauv qhov chaw thiab txoj kev, txawm tias tsis yog qhov ntxhab heev yog qhov nce siab tsis tu ncua. Muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo tsawg kawg yog li nqa dej thiab hnav lub kaus mom.

Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Apollo yog li ib nrab ntawm ib mais ntawm qhov nkag, tab sis muaj ntau yam pom thiab ntau lub sijhawm los nres thiab tshawb nrhiav ntawm txoj kev nce. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov neeg tuaj xyuas los ntawm ntau lub xeev Greek thiab tsis yog Greek lub nroog thiab cov Islands tuaj coj khoom plig rau Apollo los ntawm Oracle. Lawv tau tsim cov tuam tsev me me, hu ua niaj hnub no yog cov khoom muaj nqis, qhov chaw uas lawv cov khoom fij-votive mlom, kub thiab nyiaj, cawv txiv hmab, roj txiv roj, thiab cov khoom tawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog-tau muab khaws cia thaum lub sijhawm ua kev cai dab qhuas thiab tso tseg ua khoom plig. Cov txhab nyiaj no, lossis cov seem ntawm lawv, kab Txoj Kev Dawb Huv.

Lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv txoj kev yog Lub Txhab Nyiaj Txiag ntawm Athenians, lub tsev me Doric ntawm cov yeeb yuj Parian marble. Ntau npaum li ntawdpom nyob rau hauv situ thaum lub sij hawm excavations uas archaeologists los ntawm Fabkis Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Athens, nquag siv nyob rau hauv Delphi txij li thaum xyoo pua 19th, muaj peev xwm rov txhim kho nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1906. Cov pej thuam thiab friezes yog reproductions, tab sis, nrog rau cov thawj nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej uas nyob ib sab. Lub txhab nyiaj no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo thib rau lossis thaum ntxov xyoo pua tsib BC. Muaj cov dab neeg tsis sib haum xeeb txog qhov nws ua kev nco txog. Qhov ntau romantic txoj kev xav yog hais tias nws symbolized lub yeej ntawm kev ywj pheej tshaj tyranny. Lwm zaj dab neeg uas muaj feem ntau, raws li cov ntawv sau ntawm 2nd-xyoo pua Greco-Roman cov neeg taug kev thiab keeb kwm yog tias lub txhab nyiaj tau tsim los ua kev nco txog Athenians yeej dhau cov Persians ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Marathon. Muaj tseeb ib co ntawm cov spoils ntawm lub yeej, sau txog los ntawm contemporaries los yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej, yuav tau muab tso rau hauv lub me me lub tsev thaum lub sij hawm festivals thiab processions.

Hais txog 525 ko taw ntxiv raws txoj kev dawb ceev, saum lub Tuam Tsev Apollo, yog lub Tsev Ua Yeeb Yam Ancient ntawm Delphi. Cov xwm txheej suab paj nruag, suav nrog kev hu nkauj thiab kev sib tw ntaus suab paj nruag, tau tuav ntawm no ua ib feem ntawm Pythian Games qhuas Apollo thiab lwm yam kev cai dab qhuas festivals. Tus thawj ua yeeb yam tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua plaub BC. thiab tej zaum tau tsim kho dua tshiab hauv nws daim ntawv tam sim no thaum lub xyoo pua ob BC

Thiab tseem nce siab dua, ntxiv 1,500 ko taw saum lub tuam tsev raws Txoj Kev Dawb Huv, Lub Chaw Ua Si Ancient ntawm Delphi, suav tias yog qhov chaw khaws cia zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov neeg ncaws pob thawj zaug sib tw rau kev hwm ntawm Apollo lub kaus mom ntawm laurel nplooj. Cov hnub qublos ntawm lub xyoo pua 5 BC, tab sis lub chaw ntau pob, raws li nws tam sim no muaj, yog zaum nthuav los ntawm cov neeg Loos. Raws li qee cov dab neeg, ua ntej lawv tseem sib tw hauv Pythian Games, cov neeg ncaws pob tau sib tw nce Mt. Parnassus mus rau lub chaw ntau pob los ntawm lub hav.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Apollo's Sanctuary ntawm Delphi

Zoo li Geneva, Lub Hague, lossis Helsinki nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, Delphi yog qhov chaw sib tham thoob ntiaj teb, nruab nrab ntawm cov nroog Greek cais thiab feem ntau lawv cov neeg nyob ze. Nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum cov neeg Athenians thiab Spartans, Siphnians, Knidians, thiab kaum ob ntawm lwm lub xeev Hellenic yuav koom nrog kev lag luam kev lag luam lossis kev tsov rog kub, Delphi yog qhov nruab nrab, Panhellenic qhov chaw uas lawv tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke los ua kev cai dab qhuas, daws kev sib tw., thiab sib tham deals. Cov thawj coj tuaj ntawm no los sab laj Oracle thiab tom qab ntawd nyob ua ke ua kev sib tham nrog ib leeg.

Nws qhov tseem ceeb tau pom nws lub luag haujlwm hauv Apollonian rituals. Los ntawm Archaic lub sijhawm, nws tau suav hais tias yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb-lub Omphalos lossis lub plab-xaiv los ntawm Zeus. Lub pob zeb uas cim lub Omphalos tuaj yeem pom hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm qhov chaw. Nws tau koom nrog Apollo nyob ib ncig ntawm 800 BC, tab sis nws zoo li yuav muaj ib qho Oracle ntawm no txij li thaum ntxov ib nrab mythological Mycenaean era nyob ib ncig ntawm 1,400 BC

The Oracle ntawm Delphi

Cov lus ntawm lub Oracle ntawm Delphi tau hais los ntawm ib tug pov thawj, ib tug poj niam laus hnav ris tsho li nkauj xwb, hu ua Pythia. Nyob rau hauv ib tug myths xwb ntawm Apollo, tus vajtswv tua ib tug monstrous nab, Python. Lub npe muaj feem rauib qho lus qhia archaic "rau rot," thiab qab zib, rotting tsw ntawm Python Apollo tua.

Qhov no txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog kev xav txog yuav ua li cas Oracle ua haujlwm. Tej zaum nws yuav nkag mus rau hauv txoj kev xav, nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev hauv qab lub tuam tsev, tom qab raug cov pa nkev tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los yav tom ntej thaum nyob hauv lub xeev zoo li trance, thiab cov pov thawj tau txhais nws cov lus rau "tus neeg tsis txaus siab".

Rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias lawv tau lees paub lub tswv yim ntawm cov vapors thiab tsw ntxhiab sau los ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub Oracle thiab tshaj tawm los ntawm cov neeg hauv zos. Tab sis nyob rau xyoo 1980, lwm cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb xyuas thaj chaw geologically nquag pom muaj pov thawj ntawm kev tawg hauv lub ntiaj teb hauv qab Apollo lub tuam tsev. Thiab nyob rau xyoo 2001, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Wesleyan University tau luam tawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom txog lawv qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm ob txoj kab txhaum loj uas muaj peev xwm tso cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas hla txoj cai hauv qab lub tuam tsev uas Oracle lub chamber yuav nyob.

Yuav Ua Li Cas

Qhov twg: Lub Chaw Archaeological ntawm Delphi yog nyob rau hauv xeev Fokida nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm EO48 ntawm lub nroog Amfissa thiab Arachova.

When: Lub xaib qhib yuav luag txhua hnub txij li 8:30 teev sawv ntxov txog 7 teev tsaus ntuj, tshwj tsis yog Christmas, Kaum Ob Hlis 26, Hnub Xyoo Tshiab, thiab txog kaum ob lub hnub caiv Greek..

Nqi: Kev nkag mus rau qhov chaw zoo li Tsev khaws puav pheej, yog 12 euros. Cov nqi txo yog muaj rau cov neeg laus Greek thiab EU, nrog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov tub ntxhais kawm tsim nyog. Nkag mus yog pub dawb rau ntawmthawj hnub Sunday ntawm txhua lub hlis txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1 txog rau Lub Peb Hlis 31. Muaj kev teeb tsa nyuaj heev ntawm cov hnub pub dawb thiab kaw txhua xyoo. Rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tshaj plaws, mus saib ntawm Greek Ministry of Culture thiab Sports Delphi lub vev xaib.

Mus Txog: Mus txog tsheb los ntawm Athens li ntawm ob thiab ib nrab teev dhau ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub teb chaws txoj kev loj thiab txoj kev roob. Saib ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Buses los ntawm Athens Long Distance Bus Terminal B ntawm Aghia Dimitriou Aplon Street mus rau Delphi txhua hnub. Hauv 2018 tus nqi yog kwv yees li 15 euros, thiab kev mus los kuj siv sijhawm ob thiab ib nrab teev. Koj tuaj yeem paub ntau ntxiv txog Greece cov tsheb npav nyob deb, khiav los ntawm KTEL ntawm no. Zoo kawg li, lub tuam txhab tsis tshaj tawm lub sijhawm koj tuaj yeem nkag tau los ntawm nws lub vev xaib, tab sis hloov pauv muaj tus lej xov tooj them nyiaj siv tau tsuas yog los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws. Tab sis cov tsheb npav ua rau qhov kev mus ncig no feem ntau txhua hnub.

Pom Dab Tsi Nyob ze

• Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Archaelogical ntawm Delphi suav nrog hauv daim pib nqi rau kev mus xyuas lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Apollo thiab Sanctuary. Nws tuav feem ntau ntawm cov khoom uas pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations ntawm lub site thiab cov fij tseg nyob rau hauv ntau treasuries. Nws tsuas yog sab hnub poob ntawm qhov chaw dawb ceev thiab tsim nyog rau koj lub sijhawm. txhob nco nws. Ib qho ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb yog Charioteer ntawm Delphi, tus pej thuam bronze thaum ntxov zoo kawg nkaus uas tag nrho chav tsev ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau mob siab rau nws ib leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm cov votive offerings, kub thiab ivory mlom, me me bronzes thiab mysterious ceramicsphials.
• Lub Tuam Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Athena Pronaia,muaj qhov ntxov tshaj plaws archaeological pom ntawm tag nrho cov ritual center. Nws tsuas yog downhill thiab hla EO48 los ntawm Sanctuary of Apollo. Pronaia yog hais txog tus vajtswv poj niam ua ntej lub tuam tsev, thiab txawm tias me ntsis paub txog lub chaw dawb huv no, nws ntseeg tau tias cov neeg taug kev thiab cov neeg thov tau npaj lawv tus kheej rau kev ntsib Oracle los ntawm kev mus xyuas lub chaw dawb huv no ua ntej. Lub tsev zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw yuav yog ib puag ncig, ntau lub tuam tsev hu ua Tholos. Peb ntawm nws kab tseem sawv ntawm nws lub platform puag ncig yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm Delphi.
• Tam sim no me me lub nroog Delphi tsuas yog ob peb puas yards downhill thiab sab hnub poob ntawm cov chaw qub txeeg qub teg. Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho chaw ncig teb chaws, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau tsev so, khw noj mov saib lub hav ntawm cov txiv ntseej, thiab cov khw muag khoom kub kub, feem ntau ntawm nws hauv zos ua. Nrhiav tej daim nrog ib tug nab motif, yam ntxwv ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab xav txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub Pythia. Raws li ib qho kev nthuav dav, lub nroog no, ib zaug hu ua Kastri, tau tsiv mus rau nws qhov chaw tam sim no hauv 1893 thaum kev khawb av dav dav qhia txog qhov dav thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Delphic qhov chaw.