York Minster Qhov Tseeb thiab Cov Duab

2024 Tus sau: Cyrus Reynolds | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-08 03:57

York Minster yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Askiv. Ntau tshaj li ob lab tus tib neeg hla nws txhua xyoo los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb. Thiab tsis xav tias yog vim li cas: Qhov no architectural thiab artistic masterpiece siv ntau tshaj 250 xyoo los tsim. Nws tau sau nrog cov cim tshwj xeeb thiab zoo heev carvings thiab cov khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tsis zoo, Medieval stained iav qhov rais hauv ntiaj teb.

Northern Europe tus loj tshaj Gothic Cathedral

Nws Loj Tseem Zoo heev

• Length - 525 ko taw (160 meters) - Qhov ntawd yog 165 ko taw ntev dua li tus nom, NFL football teb.
• Dav - 249 ko taw (76 meters) - me ntsis dav (kwv yees li 7 ko taw) dua li UK ncaws pob.
• siab rau vault - 88.5 feet (27 meters) - Sab hauv ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog hais txog qhov siab ntawm 8-zaj tsev.
• West towers - Ntawm 184 feet txhua (56 metres), lawv siab npaum li 17 zaj dab neeg.
• Lim pej thuam - 233 ko taw (71 meters) yog ib yam li 21 zaj dab neeg. Nws yog 275 kauj ruam nce mus rau lub staircase winding kom mus txog qhov chaw siab tshaj hauv nroog York. Ntawm 16,000 metric tons, nws hnyav ib yam li 40 jumbo dav hlau.

AsNorthern Europe qhov loj tshaj plaws fij tseg rau Medieval Gothic qhov chaw, York Minster kuj yog ib lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws Medieval Gothic Cathedrals. Tsuas yog Chartres, hauv cheeb tsam Loire ntawm Fabkis, yog qhov loj dua.

Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws yog dab tsi? York Minster's 2,000 Xyoo Keeb Kwm

Minster yog ib lo lus qub heev rau lub tsev teev ntuj collegial, tsim los ua ib lub zej zog, tshaj tawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv thiab kev kawm ntseeg. Dhau li ntawm York Minster, tsuas yog Westminster Abbey tseem tuav lub npe no, sawv cev rau Askiv qhov chaw qub tshaj plaws ntawm ecclesiastical center. Nws siv hauv York yog khi rau lub tsev teev ntuj no ntev thiab nyuaj.

York Minster yog, tib lub sijhawm:

• Ib lub tsev teev ntuj uas muaj kev pe hawm tsis tu ncua
• Ib lub tsev teev ntuj, lub rooj zaum ntawm Archbishop of York

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Tus Thawj Tswj Hwm

Ua ntej kev tsim kho txawm pib ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tam sim no, nyob ib puag ncig 1215, York twb yog tus thawj coj. Nws tau ua kev cai raus dej ntawm Anglo Saxon King Edwin ntawm Northumbria, hnub Easter Sunday nyob rau hauv 627. Yuav kom yuav tus muam ntawm Christian King Kent, Edwin, ib tug Druid pe hawm Vajtswv, tau pom zoo hloov dua siab tshiab. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo, thawj York Minster, tau ua rau lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb.

Raws li 1100, Normans hloov qhov ntawd nrog lub tsev teev ntuj loj dua, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm York Minster tam sim no.

Ib qho Ua Ntej, Roman Keeb Kwm

Constantine tau tshaj tawm Emperor ntawm Western Roman faj tim teb chaws thaum nyob hauv York-tom qab ntawd hu uaEboracum. York tau ua ib lub chaw ruaj khov tseem ceeb ntawm Roman txij li 70 AD thiab, ntawm 208 thiab 211 AD, Emperor Septimus Severus tau kav tag nrho Roman Empire los ntawm York.

Nyob rau xyoo 313 AD, Constantine tau tshaj tawm txoj kev ntseeg kev ntseeg thoob plaws hauv tebchaws Loos, tom qab ntawd los ua thawj tus huab tais Christian.

Kev tshaj tawm ntawm Constantine ua Emperor tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv Roman basilica uas nyob hauv qab York Minster. Lub basilica, ib feem ntawm kev tsim kho Roman ntev, tsuas yog nrhiav pom, nrog rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Norman, xyoo 1967 thaum ua haujlwm rau shores ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Minster's Lantern Tower. Cov kev tshawb pom ntxov no tau nthuav tawm hauv Undercroft.

Vim li cas thiaj them nqi nkag? Tsis yog Minster ib lub Koom Txoos?

Tau kawg, York Minster yog qhov chaw ntawm kev pehawm Vajtswv, thiab yog tias koj nyob ntawd rau kev pabcuam kev ntseeg lossis thov Vajtswv, nkag yog dawb. Tab sis khiav lub Minster, catering rau ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg pe hawm, cov neeg tuaj saib, cov tib neeg, thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv pawg-txog 2 lab tus tib neeg hauv ib xyoos-ntxiv rau kev tswj hwm lub tsev ntaub qub thiab muab rau qee lub sijhawm Anglican Synod-yuav tsum tau muaj cov hnab tshos sib sib zog nqus thiab nyiaj txiag ntau..

Muaj ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm 150-nrog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ua cov carvers thiab stonemasons hauv York Minster tus kheej lub vaj pob zeb, glaziers uas saib xyuas York lub iav zoo kawg nkaus, 500 tus neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb uas yuav tsum tau npaj thiab cob qhia, thiab txawm tias tub ceev xwm ntawm cuaj constable. Tsuas yog lwm lub tsev teev ntuj muaj nws tus kheej tub ceev xwm yog St. Peter's Basilica nyob rau hauvRome.

Txhua yam no, raws li koj xav, raug nqi ib lub nyiaj zoo nkauj. Qhov tseeb, nws raug nqi York Minster ntau dua:

• £10,000 ib hnub
• £ 415 ib teev
• £7 ib feeb

Amazingly, tsis yog tsoomfwv UK lossis lub Koom Txoos Anglican pab txhawb rau kev saib xyuas qhov zoo nkauj thiab keeb kwm cim York Minster. Yog vim li cas cov qhua yuav tsum tau. Reluctantly, xyoo 2003, York Minster pib them nqi nkag rau cov neeg tsis pe hawm.

Mistletoe ntawm lub thaj siab

York Minster yog tib lub Cathedral hauv UK uas tso mistletoe thiab holly ntawm nws lub thaj siab ntawm Christmas. Qhov kev siv mistletoe thaum ub, txuas nrog Britain's Druid yav dhau los, tseem txuas nrog York thiab North of England.

Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Askiv, mistletoe loj hlob ntawm txiv qaub, poplar, kua, thiab hawthorn ntoo. Druids ntseeg tias nws muaj lub zog los tiv thaiv cov dab phem. Lawv kuj siv nws ua ib qho kev sib raug zoo-yog li kev cai ntawm hnia hauv qab mistletoe.

Vim tias mistletoe txuas nrog Druids, lub tsev teev ntuj thaum ntxov tau cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg txhaum thiab kev phem thiab txwv tsis pub mistletoe siv thiab tso rau hauv pawg ntseeg.

Tab sis lawv ib txwm ua ib qho kev ywj pheej zoo nkauj hauv York. Mistletoe ntawm Christmas tseem nrov nyob ntawd tom qab Druids tau ploj mus ntev. Rau ib lub sij hawm mistletoe tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam ntawm kev hloov siab lees txim thiab kev zam txim. York Minster tau tuav lub caij ntuj no Mistletoe Service qhov twg York cov neeg ua phem thiab cov neeg ua phem raug caw mus nrhiavkev zam txim.

Tuav ib ceg ntawm mistletoe, tus pov thawj yuav tshaj tawm, "kev ywj pheej rau pej xeem thiab thoob ntiaj teb, kev zam txim thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov neeg qis dua thiab cov neeg phem ntawm lub rooj vag minster, thiab lub rooj vag ntawm lub nroog, mus rau plaub lub quarters. ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej."

Hnub no, Kev Pabcuam Mistletoe tsis muaj lawm hauv txoj kev ntawd. Tab sis ib tug sprig ntawm mistletoe tseem decorates lub thaj siab thaum lub sij hawm hnub so raws li ib tug ceeb toom ntawm ancient kab lis kev cai thiab lub siab ntawm kev zam txim.

York Minster's Ntauwd

York Minster's Central Ntauwd, tseem hu ua Lantern Tower, yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 15th-xyoo pua engineering. Ua tau ntawm 1407 thiab 1433, nws sawv ntau tshaj 230 ko taw-qhov siab ntawm 21-zaj dab neeg lub tsev, thiab hnyav 16,000 metric tonnes-qhov hnyav ntawm 40 jumbo dav hlau!

Txhua tus neeg nce mus txog 275 kauj ruam mus rau sab saum toj tuaj yeem txaus siab rau kev pom ze ntawm York Minster lub pinnacles, gargoyles, thiab carvings.

Nce toj mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv York, los ntawm qhov dav dav, cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau saum toj ntawm tus pej thuam tuaj yeem pom thoob plaws lub ru tsev kom ua rau lub nroog txoj kab nruab nrab nruab nrab thiab snickleways. Qhov kev pom kuj yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv mais ntawm lub teb chaws, txuas ntxiv, nyob rau hnub ntshiab, mus rau Yorkshire Wolds.

Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 8 xyoos tsis raug tso cai nce toj Ntauwd. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoo tuaj yeem nce toj nrog ib tus neeg laus xwb. Pawg ntawm ntau tshaj 10 tus menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoo yuav tsum nrog tsawg kawg peb tus neeg laus. Cov menyuam yaus me tuaj yeem nrog ob tus neeg laus.

Lub Qhov rai Rose-Ib lub iav Stained PhoenixRising From the Ashes

Lub Qhov rai Rose, lub iav stained iav siab nyob rau sab qab teb Transept ntawm York Minster, tau ze li ploj tom qab xob laim tawm tsam Minster hauv xyoo 1980 ua rau hluav taws kub heev hauv nws lub ru tsev.

Lub pob zeb ntawm Rose Qhov rai tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab xyoo pua 13th tab sis cov iav stained tau ntxiv nyob ze rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th ua kev nco txog qhov kawg ntawm Tsov Rog Roses thiab hwm Tudor dynasty.

Tom qab hluav taws tau rhuav tshem South Transept ru tsev hauv xyoo 1984, kev tshuaj xyuas tau pom tias cov iav stained hauv Rose Window tau tawg hnyav heev. Lub 73 vaj huam sib luag, muaj 7,000 daim iav stained tau tawg rau hauv kwv yees li 40,000 daim! Miraculously nws tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw.

Craftsmen ruaj lub iav stained nrog zaj duab xis nplaum ua ntej tshem tawm, ib ntu ntawm ib zaug. Cov nplaum tshwj xeeb-uas yuav ua raws li cov khoom siv ntawm cov iav-yuav tsum tau tshawb fawb thiab tau tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm 3M Corporation ua ntej lub qhov rais tuaj yeem rov qab los. Txhua seem rov qab yog sandwiched ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov iav ntshiab-cov neeg kho kom rov qab tso dag rau nws tias yog Tudor qhaub cij-thiab tag nrho yog tiv thaiv ntxiv los ntawm ntau daim iav.

Cov txheej txheem kho iav stained, nrog rau kev kho lub ru tsev, siv sijhawm plaub xyoos thiab raug nqi $ 4 lab.

Plaub Minster's Crown Jewels

York Minster's collection of Medievalstained iav qhov rais yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Feem ntau ntawm cov qhov rais tseem ceeb, suav nrog Lub Qhov Rooj Loj Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Tsib Cov viv ncaus tseem muaj lawv qhov qub, Medieval stained iav. Ib txhia ntawm nws hnub tim thaum ntxov li 1270. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov stained iav nyob rau hauv England yog nyob rau hauv York Minster.

Lub Qhov Rooj Loj Sab Hnub Tuaj tau pleev xim los ntawm Medieval stained glass painter, John Thornton, nruab nrab ntawm 1405 thiab 1408. Ib tus thawj coj ntawm iav craftsmen ntawm nws hnub, Thornton tau them txog £ 56 rau nws peb xyoos kev rau siab., nyob rau hauv 1408. Qee qhov kev kwv yees hais tias cov nyiaj them yuav muaj nqis txog £ 300, 000 hnub no. Raws li ib tsab xov xwm hauv Yorkshire Post, tus nqi tam sim no ntawm kev tu thiab kho lub Great East Window yog kwv yees li £ 6 lab. BBC tshaj tawm tias txoj haujlwm yuav siv sijhawm ntev li 15 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 2015, tom qab lub qhov rais nkaum tom qab scaffolding rau 12 xyoo, glaziers pib rov qab cov iav ntxuav thiab tiv thaiv mus rau 600-xyoo-laus pob zeb moj khaum. Thiab xyoo 2016, cov kws tshaj lij tau hais tias nws yuav yog peb xyoos ua ntej kev kho kom tiav.

Tswj tus Thawj Tswj Hwm lub qhov rais Medieval zoo kawg nkaus yog txoj haujlwm puv sijhawm. Muaj 128 stained iav qhov rais, muaj li ntawm 2 lab tus neeg ntawm Medieval iav. Txhua lub qhov rais yuav tsum tau muab sib cais kom txhua daim iav stained tuaj yeem ntxuav tus kheej. Tom qab ntawd cov qhov rais yog reassembled thiab rov ua dua. Txhua lub qhov rais raug ntxuav ib zaug txhua 125 xyoo.

Chapter House-York Minster's Beautiful Octagonal Room

Nyobchav zoo nkauj thiab airy octagonal yog ib qho ntawm qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm Minster. Nws tau pib hauv 1260 thiab ua tiav hauv 1286.

Tsim ua qhov chaw sib tham rau Dean thiab Tshooj ntawm York Minster, nws tseem siv rau tib lub hom phiaj. Txawm hais tias Minster yog lub rooj zaum ntawm Archbishop of York, nws txoj haujlwm niaj hnub ua haujlwm thiab feem ntau ntawm nws cov kev pabcuam kev pehawm Vajtswv txhua hnub yog tswj hwm thiab tsim los ntawm Dean-tus pov thawj hlob Anglican-thiab ib tug tswvcuab rau Tshooj, hnub no muaj peb. Clergy Canons thiab peb Lay Canons raug xaiv los ntawm Archbishop.

Cov cai tswj hwm tus Minster tau hloov me ntsis txij li thawj thawj Norman minster tau pib, hauv 1080 los ntawm Archbishop Thomas ntawm Bayeux.

Txhua ntawm xya phab ntsa ntawm chav octagonal hu ua Tshooj Tsev muaj rau lub rooj los hais txog kev sib luag ntawm Pawg Cov Tswv Cuab. Tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem zaum hauv qhov chaw. Lub yim sab ntawm chav octagonal yog lub archway ntawm ib txoj kev uas coj mus rau nave. Kuj tseem muaj xya lub qhov rais-ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv York Minster, nrog Medieval stained iav hnub tim los ntawm 1270. Saum toj no archway ntawm lub yim phab ntsa, lub pob zeb ntawm xya lub qhov rais yog rov ua dua.

Tshooj Tsev Ceiling-A Medieval Engineering Marvel

Tshooj Tsev Qab nthab yog ib qho nyuaj ntoo vaulted qauv. Tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, lub qab nthab yog txawv rau nws lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv uas nws yog ib tug dawb vault, unsupported los ntawm ib tug nruab nrab kem. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub nyob rau hauv nruab nrab yog tes pleev xim nrog liab, xiav, ntsuab, kaus ntxhw thiab gilt. Thiab tus thawj coj hauv nruab nrab (lub voj voog zoo li lub nplhaib sib txuas ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob), uas yuav tsis tshua pom los ntawm hauv qab no, yog ib qho kev nthuav dav, zoo nkauj-xim-xim tsim uas muaj menyuam yaj thiab lwm cov cim Christian.

York Minster Carvings-Cov pov thawj tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua tus Stonemason tus cwj pwm

Qee lub York Minster qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nthuav tshaj plaws, thiab qub tshaj plaws carvings kho cov phab ntsa ntawm octagonal Tshooj Tsev. Feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ib tug neeg craftsmen ntawm 1270 thiab 1280. Lawv lub tswv yim thiab kev lom zem yog xav txog nyob rau hauv cov cim thiab gargoyles depicted, xws li cov neeg qaug cawv thiab shrews rau cov ntsuj plig nyob rau hauv kev tsim txom.

York Minster tseem tuav cov neeg ua haujlwm me me ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm, suav nrog cov pob zeb thiab cov glaziers, uas nws cov txuj ci thiab kev kos duab yog qhov sib npaug ntawm lawv cov neeg ua ntej xyoo pua 13th. Thiab lawv tseem tab tom ntxiv lawv tus kheej lom zem kov rau York Minster cov duab kos hauv qhov chaw zais cia nyob ib puag ncig Minster. Ntawm cov carvings ntawm Great West Doorway, ob lub corbels me me, txhua qhov loj ntawm tus ntiv tes, tau kos nrog lub taub hau ntawm Klingon thiab Ferengi-Star Trek cim.

Lwm qhov hauv York Minster, cov menyuam yaus tau muaj sijhawm los pab txhawb cov duab rau hnub nyoog. Tom qab muaj hluav taws xob cua daj cua dub tua hluav taws rau lub ru tsev ntawm South Transept, British menyuam yaus TV yeeb yam, Blue Peter, tau caw nws cov neeg tuaj saib los txhawb kev tsim qauv rau cov thawj coj (cov khoom sib txuas uas koom nrog cov tav hauv lub vaulted qab nthab) hauv qab nthab tshiab. Rau raug xaiv thiab tuaj yeem pom los ntawm dav dawb hau-eyed-los yognrog ob lub koob yees duab-hauv qab nthab, txog 88 ko taw saum toj no. Ib tug ntawm lawv qhia Neil Armstrong thawj kauj ruam ntawm lub hli.