20 thaj chaw uas nthuav tawm Mumbai's Architecture

2024 Tus sau: Cyrus Reynolds | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-08 03:59

Xav txog kev tsim vaj tsev hauv Mumbai? Cov 20 thaj chaw no nthuav tawm ntau yam sib txawv, los ntawm Colonial mus rau niaj hnub.

Kuj tseem ceeb, Mumbai muaj qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws ntawm Art Deco cov tsev hauv ntiaj teb, tom qab Miami. Lawv tau txais UNESCO World Heritage xwm txheej hauv 2018, ua ib feem ntawm Victorian Gothic thiab Art Deco Ensembles ntawm Mumbai. Ntau ntawm lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv kab Marine Drive hauv South Mumbai.

Gateway of India

Mumbai lub monument uas tau lees paub tshaj plaws thiab yog ib qho ntawm Mumbai cov kev nyiam tshaj plaws, Lub Rooj vag ntawm Is Nrias teb tau tsim los ua kev nco txog huab tais George V thiab poj huab tais Mary rau lub nroog. Tsim los ua thawj yam uas cov neeg tuaj saib pom thaum mus txog Mumbai los ntawm lub nkoj, lub rooj vag looming tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1924 thiab tseem yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm British Raj era. Tom qab lub sijhawm no tau xaus rau xyoo 1947, qhov kawg ntawm cov tub rog Askiv tau tawm mus los ntawm Lub Rooj vag. Nws architecture yog Indo-Saracenic, sib txuas cov qauv Islamic thiab Hindu.

Lub Rooj vag ntawm Is Nrias teb yog qhov chaw nrov pib tshawb txog Mumbai. Niaj hnub no cov huab cua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub monument zoo li lub circus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, nrog ntau tus neeg muag khoom peddling txhua yam ntawm balloons mus rau Indian tshuaj yej.

Nyob rau xyoo 2011, Lonely Planet tau teev lub rooj vag ntawm Is Nrias teb liib lub ntiaj teb zoo tshaj plaws kev lom zem dawb.

Qhov twg: Ntawm ntug dej hauv Colaba, sab qab teb Mumbai. Taj Palace thiab Tower Hotel.

Taj Palace and Tower Hotel

Mumbai lub cim tseem ceeb Taj Palace Hotel, ua rau xyoo 1903, yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev zoo nkauj uas coj los ua ke Moorish, Oriental thiab Florentine style. Nws cov qauv yog tawm tsam, nrog ntau cov chandeliers, archways, domes, thiab turrets. Lub tsev so tseem muaj cov khoom sau zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom qub uas ua rau nws muaj kev xav zoo.

Kho koj tus kheej kom siab tshuaj yej ntawm Hiav Txwv Lounge renowned hauv Heritage tis, los yog noj mov ntawm Souk overlooking Mumbai harbor.

Qhov twg: Colaba, sab qab teb Mumbai. Lub tsev so zaum tom qab lub rooj vag ntawm Is Nrias teb.

Royal Bombay Yacht Club

Founded hauv 1846, Royal Bombay Yacht Club yog ib lub club qub tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Mumbai. Tsim los ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev British, John Adams (Tus Kws Ua Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm rau Bombay Government), nws tau ua rau Gothic style architecture. Steeped nyob rau hauv nostalgia, poj huab tais Victoria muab lub npe ntawm "Royal" rau lub club nyob rau hauv 1876.

• Qhov twg: Tawm tsam lub rooj vag ntawm Is Nrias teb, ze ntawm Taj Palace thiab Tower Hotel.. Chhatrapathi Shivaji Maharaj Marg, Apollo Bunder, Colaba, sab qab teb Mumbai.
• Xav paub ntxiv: Royal Bombay Yacht Club lub vev xaib.

Dhanraj Mahal

Dhanraj Mahal yog lub tsev Art Deco, tsim qauv tsim los hauv Paris thaum xyoo pua 20th. Nws muaj keeb kwm nthuav. Ua nyob rau hauv 1930s, nws yog lub qub palace ntawm Raja Dhanrajgir ntawm Hyderabad, thiab ib zaug yog lub tsev loj tshaj plaws thiab kim tshaj plaws hauv Mumbai. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv tau txais nws thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II tab sis tom qab ntawd muab nws rov qab rau tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe.

Tam sim no, Dhanraj Mahal tau xauj tsev rau cov tsev nyob thiab kev lag luam. Nws muaj tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm 130,000 square feet thiab lub tshav puam loj loj. Nws qhov chaw zoo nkauj nyob ze rau ntawm Hiav Txwv Arabian.

Qhov twg: Chhatrapathi Shivaji Maharaj Marg, Apollo Bunder, Colaba, sab qab teb Mumbai.

Regal Cinema

Thawj zaug ntawm Mumbai's Art Deco style xinesmas, Regal Cinema tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm xinesmas boom ntawm xyoo 1930. Lwm cov xinesmas uas tseem tuaj txog lub sijhawm no yog Plaza Central, New Empire, Broadway, Eros, thiab Metro. Thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab uas tau tshwm sim hauv Regal Cinema yog Laurel thiab Hardy's Dab Ntxwg Nyoog Kwv Tij hauv xyoo 1933. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tseem raug tso tawm hnub no.

Qhov twg: Tawm tsam Regal Circle ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Colaba Causeway, sab qab teb Mumbai.

Maharashtra Tub Ceev Xwm Lub Tsev Haujlwm (Sailors' Home)

Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tub Ceev Xwm Maharashtra tau tsiv mus rau hauv lub npe hu ua Royal Alfred Sailors 'Lub Tsev, xyoo 1982. Kev tsim kho pib ntawm lub tsev thaum ntxov 1872 thiab tau ua tiav plaub xyoos tom qab, xyoo 1876. Raws li nws lub npe qhia, nws tau ua kom haum 20 tus tub ceev xwm thiab 100 tus neeg caij nkoj. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev tau tsim los ua kev nco txog kev mus ntsib Duke ntawm Edinburgh hauv xyoo 1870. Lub Duke tau tso lub pob zeb Foundation thaum nws mus ntsib.

Tsoomfwv Maharashtra tau txais lub tsev xyoo 1928 los ua lub tsev Bombay Legislative Council. Tub ceev xwm tom qab tsiv mus nyob tom qab nws tau so.

• Qhov twg: Tawm tsam Regal Circle ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Colaba Causeway, sab qab teb Mumbai.
• Xav paub ntxiv: Maharashtra Tub Ceev Xwm lub vev xaib.

Elphinstone College

Lub Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Elphinstone yog ib lub tsev Victorian zoo tshaj plaws hauv Is Nrias teb. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Trubshaw thiab Khan Bahadur Muncherjee Murzban nyob rau xyoo 1880 thiab yog thawj lub tsev rau tsoomfwv Central Press. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau siv rau kev kawm ua haujlwm txij li lub Plaub Hlis 1888.

Lub tsev muaj qhov zoo nkauj Gothic architecture thiab raug cais raws li qib I cuab yeej cuab tam qauv. Lub Koom Haum Kala Ghoda tsis ntev los no tau kho nws.

• Qhov twg: Tawm tsam Jehangir Art Gallery, sab qab teb Mumbai.
• Xav paub ntxiv: Elphinstone College lub vev xaib.

Horniman Circle

Horniman Circle yog tsim los ntawm kev cheb ntawm lub tsev zoo nkauj, nteg tawm hauv ib nrab lub voj voog. Lub Horniman Circle Gardens nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws.

Lub Vajvoog tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1860, nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov paub tias yog Mumbai Greens - qhov loj 15-acreqhov chaw tawm tsam lub Nroog Hall qhov chaw nyob ua suab paj nruag txhua hmo tom qab hnub poob. Lub Mumbai Greens tom qab ntawd los ua Horniman Circle Gardens, hauv kev qhuas rau Mr. B. G. Horniman, Editor ntawm The Bombay Chronicle.

Muaj ib tsob ntoo banyan qub nyob hauv lub Vajvoog, uas pom tau tias yog qhov chaw rau Is Nrias teb thawj qhov kev sib pauv khoom lag luam. Cov tuam tsev keeb kwm nyob ze muaj xws li kev sib pauv khoom lag luam thiab St. Thomas Cathedral.

Qhov twg: Shahid Bhagat Singh Road, tom ntej ntawm Lub Nroog Hall (Asiatic Library) hauv cheeb tsam Fort, sab qab teb Mumbai.

Flora Fountain (Hutatma Chowk)

Hutatma Chowk, lub ntsiab lus "Martyrs' Square" hauv cov lus hauv zos, tau hloov npe los ntawm Flora Fountain hauv xyoo 1960. Lub npe yog nco txog cov tswv cuab ntawm Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti, uas tau poob lawv txoj sia thaum tub ceev xwm raug rho tawm haujlwm thaum lawv tawm tsam.. Nws yog ib feem ntawm kev tawm tsam nrog tsoomfwv Is Nrias teb rau kev tsim lub xeev Maharashtra.

Lub Hutatma Chowk square yog ciam teb los ntawm cov tsev tsim thaum lub sijhawm British Raj. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws, lub ornate Flora Fountain tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1864. Nws sawv cev rau Roman vajtswv poj niam Flora, tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm ntau.

Ib txoj haujlwm txhawm rau kho tus ciav dej thiab ib puag ncig square tau ua tiav thaum nruab nrab xyoo 2019. Nws muaj cov pob zeb tshiab, chaw zaum, thiab teeb pom kev zoo.

Qhov twg: Veer Nariman Road, sab qab teb Mumbai.

Bombay Tsev Hais Plaub Siab

Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Bombay tau tsim los ntawm 1871 txog 1878. Thawj zaum tau cojqhov chaw nyob rau lub Ib Hlis 1879. Tsim los ntawm Col. J. A. Fuller, British engineer, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub yog ib tug masterpiece ntawm Gothic architectural style uas tau pom meej ua qauv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais German. Nws cov qauv yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb dub, nrog octagonal yees. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub tsev, cov mlom ntawm Kev Ncaj Ncees thiab Kev Hlub tshua txhawb nqa txoj cai Indian.

Nws pom zoo kom koj mus rau sab hauv thiab pom kev sim rau qee qhov kev lom zem tiag tiag. Chav 19 thiab 20 feem ntau ua haujlwm. Nyob ntawd los ntawm ib ncig ntawm 10 teev sawv ntxov, thiab nco ntsoov tias cov koob yees duab tsis raug tso cai hauv tsev hais plaub. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej me me tab sis nthuav dav hauv chav 17 yog qhov kev nyiam tshiab. Nws tau qhib rau xyoo 2015 thiab tau ua qauv ntawm chav tsev hais plaub xyoo pua 20th. Cov khoom pov thawj suav nrog cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov neeg muaj npe nrov, hnav khaub ncaws, wigs, portraits thiab vintage khoom.

• Qhov twg: Tsev Hais Plaub Siab, Dr Kane Road, Fort.
• Xav paub ntxiv: Bombay Tsev Hais Plaub Siab lub vev xaib.

University of Mumbai

Tsim muaj xyoo 1857, University of Mumbai (paub ua ntej yog University of Bombay) yog ib qho ntawm peb lub tsev kawm qib siab hauv Is Nrias teb. Nws architecture yog Venetian Gothic kev tshoov siab. Nws muaj peev xwm mus taug kev ncig lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab muaj kev peek hauv University Library thiab Convocation Hall. Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Tsev Kawm Ntawv muaj cov qhov rais uas muaj iav zoo nkauj uas tau rov qab los rau lub meej mom zoo.

• Qhov twg: MG Road, Fort, Mumbai. Ze ntawm Tsev Hais Plaub Siab.
• Xav paub ntxiv: Mumbai University lub vev xaib.

Rajabhai Clock Tower

Nyob hauv University of Mumbai, 260-foot siab Rajabai Clock Tower yog qauv ntawm Big Ben hauv London. Lub moos ntauwd yog tsim los ntawm Sir George Gilbert Scott, tus kws kos duab Askiv. Ua tiav thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1878, nws siv ze li 10 xyoo los tsim. Nws tau muaj npe tom qab leej niam ntawm tus neeg nplua nuj nyob hauv xyoo pua 19th uas tau txais nyiaj txiag tsim kho.

Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub moos ntauwd thiab Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tsev Qiv Ntawv tau ua tiav tsis ntev los no thiab ua tiav xyoo 2015. Kev kho dua tshiab yog thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub moos ntauwd thiab ntau dua 4.2 crore rupees ($ 700, 000) tau siv rau nws. Lub koom haum Indian cuab yeej cuab tam tau ua kom rov qab kho tau ntau xyoo, thiab thaum kawg nws tau pib hauv 2012 tom qab cov nyiaj pub dawb los ntawm ib lub koom haum ntawm Tata Group.

Lub moos ntauwd sab hauv yog ornately ornate, thiab nws lub pob zeb sab nrauv yog flanked los ntawm 24 tus mlom piav txog ntau yam castes thiab cov zej zog ntawm sab hnub poob Is Nrias teb. Cov duab puab yog tsim los ntawm Indian artisans thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm JJ School of Art, nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm tus kws qhia kos duab Sir Lockwood Kipling.

Hmoov tsis pub pej xeem nkag mus hauv tsev kawm qib siab, yog li lub moos pej thuam tsuas tuaj yeem pom sab nraud ntawm txoj kev.

Qhov twg: Lub Rajabai Clock Tower nyob saum Mumbai University Library. Nws pom zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Oval Maidan, Fort, Mumbai.

Mumbai Mint

Lub Mumbai Mint yog ib qho ntawm plaub mints hauvIs Nrias teb. Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1920, nrog rau Lub Nroog Hall, thiab muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws nrog cov ncej thiab Grecian porticoes. Ib daim ntawv sau rau ntawm lub tsev hais tias nws tau tsim los ntawm Major John Hopkins ntawm Bombay Engineers. Lub Tuam Txhab East India tau txiav txim siab nws txoj kev tsim kho xyoo 1923.

Lub Mint tsuas yog tsim cov cim nco txog thiab txhim kho cov nyiaj npib, uas muaj muag. Nws kuj ua rau khoom plig ntawm ntau hom, suav nrog rau Ministry of Defense.

• Qhov twg: Shahid Bhagat Singh Marg, Fort, Mumbai. (Cia li rov qab lub Reserve Bank of India).
• Xav paub ntxiv: Mumbai Mint lub vev xaib.

Remains of St George's Fort

Cov neeg tsis paub txog Mumbai keeb kwm yuav xav paub tias vim li cas lub nroog Fort raug xa mus rau qhov ntawd. Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm ib lub fort uas tau muaj nyob rau ntawd. Fort St. George tau tsim los ntawm British East India Company nyob ib ncig ntawm Bombay Castle (ib qho ntawm cov qauv tiv thaiv qub tshaj plaws hauv Mumbai). Lub npe hu ua King George III, nws yog 1.6 mais (ib mais) ntev thiab 500 meters dav.

Lub fort raug rhuav tshem nyob ib puag ncig xyoo 1865. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem muaj nyob hauv qee thaj chaw.

Qhov twg: Ze ntawm St. George's Tsev Kho Mob, P D Mello Rd, Fort. (Zoo rau General Post Office thiab CST chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau).

Chhatrapati Shivaj Terminus (Victoria Terminus) Chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau

Cov khoom tsis kam ntawm Raj era architecture, Chhatrapati Shivaj Terminus (yav tas loshu ua Victoria Terminus) zoo li St Pancras Chaw Nres Tsheb hauv London. Tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Frederick William Stevens thiab ua rau xyoo 1887 ua kev nco txog Golden Jubilee ntawm poj huab tais Victoria, tam sim no nws yog UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kev tsim kho yog kev sib txuas ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm Victorian Italianate Gothic Revival architecture thiab tsoos Indian (Mughal thiab Hindu) architecture. Lub skyline, turrets, taw tes arches, thiab layout yog ze rau ib txwm Indian palace architecture.

Cov duab kos duab kos duab, uas qhia txog kev nthuav dav ntawm lub tsev tag nrho nrog rau tag nrho cov ncej thiab gargoyles, yog tam sim no tau kaw rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Chhatrapati Shivaj Terminus yog ib txwm muaj npe ua ib lub chaw tsheb ciav hlau zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, suav nrog los ntawm Architectural Digest thiab Time magazine.

Central Railways thiab Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation tau tsim teeb pom kev zoo rau lub tsev, uas ua rau nws zoo siab rau nws qhov kev tsim qauv zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj los ntawm kev teeb pom kev zoo rau txhua qhov chaw.

Muaj ib Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej cuab yeej cuab tam hauv lub tsev nrog cov lus qhia uas coj mus ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsuas yog qhib thaum 3-5 teev tsaus ntuj. nyob rau hnub ua hauj lwm. Daim pib nqi 200 rupees.

Qhov twg: Ze ntawm qhov pib ntawm JJ Flyover thiab P D Mello Rd, Fort.

Dr Bhau Daji Lad Mumbai City Museum

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej qub tshaj plaws hauv Mumbai, Dr Bhau Daji Lad Mumbai City Tsev khaws puav pheej (yav tas los Victoria thiab Albert Tsev khaws puav pheej) yog ib qho piv txwv txawv tshaj plaw ntawm Palladian tsim (los ntawm AndreasPalladio, tus kws kos duab Italian ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th). Keeb kwm tsim nyob rau hauv 1855 raws li ib tug khoom muaj nqis lub tsev ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab industrial arts, nws twb rebuilt nyob rau hauv 1862 nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance Revival style ntawm Palladian. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej tau mob siab rau thiab ua tiav rov qab los ntawm xyoo 2003 thiab 2007. Lub tis tshiab tseem tab tom tsim. Nws xav tias yuav qhib los ntawm 2018.

• Qhov twg: Rani Bagh, 91/A, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Road, Byculla, Mumbai. (Tom ntej mus rau botanical vaj thiab zoo). Kaw rau hnub Wednesdays thiab qee cov hnub so rau pej xeem.
• Xav paub ntxiv: Dr Bhau Daji Lad Mumbai City Museum website.

Khotachiwadi

Yog koj nyiam keeb kwm thiab architecture thiab xav paub seb Bombay tau zoo li cas rau hnub ntawd, tsis txhob nco taug kev hla lub zos Khotachiwadi.

Txoj kab nqaim ntawm lub zos Khotachiwadi yog lub tsev qub Portuguese-style bungalows thiab lub tsev teev ntuj me me. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj qhia tias Khotachiwadi pib tsim los ua ib lub nroog ua ntej Bombay los ua lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, nws tau los ua ke rau hauv ib puag ncig qhov chaw. Tom qab ntawd, ib puas xyoo tom qab cov neeg Portuguese tuaj txog, lawv tau muab Bombay mus rau Askiv raws li ib feem ntawm cov khoom plig rau Charles II ntawm Askiv. Kev taug kev txawm tias lub zos Khotachiwadi yuav thauj koj rov qab los rau lub sijhawm rov qab los ntawm Mumbai keeb kwm. Tam sim no tseem tuaj yeem nyob hauv ib lub tsev cuab yeej cuab tam.

Sadly, lub zos maj mam muab txoj kev loj hlob ho. Tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm thawj 65 bungalows yogsab laug.

Qhov twg: Girgaum, sab qab teb Mumbai. Nws nyob ob peb txoj kev tom qab Girgaum/Marine Drive Chowpatty. Qhov chaw tsheb ciav hlau ze tshaj plaws yog Charni Road ntawm Western Kab.

Antilia (Lub Tsev ntawm Tus Lag Luam Lag Luam Mukesh Ambani)

Lub tsev twg yog ib tus txiv neej nplua nuj nyob hauv Is Nrias teb? Ua tibzoo saib Antilia, qhov chaw nyob siab ntawm tus neeg ua lag luam Mukesh Ambani, tus thawj coj ntawm Reliance Industries. Nws yog lub npe hu ua mythical Atlantic kob ntawm Antillia. Lub tsev tau tshaj tawm tias yog ib lub ntiaj teb kim tshaj plaws, raug nqi ntawm $ 1-2 billion los tsim. Ntau tshaj 20 zaj dab neeg siab, ntau pua tus neeg ua haujlwm kuj tau ua haujlwm los tswj thiab khiav nws.

Kev cuam tshuam rau Antillia tau dav thiab ntau yam. Qee tus neeg Khab khav theeb ntawm kev muaj nyiaj ntau dhau, thaum lwm tus saib tias nws txaj muag thaum cov neeg pluag tseem tshaib plab.

Qhov twg: Altamount Road, Cumballa Hill, sab qab teb Mumbai.

Banganga Tank

Banganga Tank yog lub tank dej thaum ub uas yog ib lub tsev qub tshaj plaws nyob hauv Mumbai. Nws rov qab mus rau 1127 AD, txog rau lub sijhawm ntawm Hindu Silhara dynasty, thaum nws tau tsim tsa hla lub pas dej tshiab los ntawm ib tus thawj coj hauv lub tsev hais plaub.

Ntau xyoo, Banganga Tank tau muab kev tshoov siab rau ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam, ntawm zaj duab xis thiab ntawm daim ntaub. Nws tseem yog ib qho chaw zoo mus kom tau ib co so ntawm lub hustle thiab bustle ntawm Mumbai.

Hnub no,nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, koj yuav pom qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov tsev apartment complexes, skyscrapers, thiab cov tuam tsev kev cai dab qhuas. Txoj kev nqaim uas coj mus rau lub tank yuav thauj koj rov qab mus rau Mumbai qub, thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv nroog loj.

• Qhov twg: Walkeshwar tuam tsev complex, Malabar Hill, sab qab teb Mumbai.
• Nyeem ntxiv: Banganga Tank Diam duab ncig saib, Sab hauv Ancient Hidden Mumbai

Bombay Tshuag Txauv

Ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm niaj hnub hauv Mumbai, lub tsev tam sim no Bombay Tshuag Txauv tau tsim tsa thaum xyoo 1970s. Lub tsev muaj tag nrho ntawm 29 plag tsev. Thaum lub sijhawm nws ua tiav xyoo 1980, nws yog lub tsev siab tshaj plaws hauv Is Nrias teb.

• Qhov twg: Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Ntauwd, Dalal Street (Broker Street), Fort, sab qab teb Mumbai.
• Xav paub ntxiv: Bombay Tshuag Txauv lub vev xaib.