History of the National Mall, Washington DC

2024 Tus sau: Cyrus Reynolds | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-08 04:16

Lub Tsev Muag Khoom Hauv Tebchaws, uas yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Washington DC, hnub rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm pib ntawm Lub Nroog Washington ua lub rooj zaum ruaj khov ntawm tsoomfwv Meskas. Qhov chaw pej xeem uas niaj hnub no hu ua Mall tau hloov zuj zus nrog kev loj hlob ntawm lub nroog thiab lub teb chaws. Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm National Mall.

The L'Enfant Plan thiab National Mall

Hauv xyoo 1791, Thawj Tswj Hwm George Washington tau xaiv Pierre Charles L'Enfant, tus kws kos duab Asmeskas yug los ntawm Fab Kis, thiab tus kws tshaj lij pej xeem, los tsim lub kaum-mais-square ntawm tseem hwv thaj tsam li lub teb chaws lub peev (Lub District of Columbia). Lub nroog txoj kev tau muab tso rau hauv kab sib chaws khiav sab qaum teb-sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob nrog txoj kab dav dav "grand avenues" hla cov kab sib chaws thiab cov voj voog thiab plazas tso cai rau qhib qhov chaw rau monuments thiab memorials. L'Enfant xav txog ib qho "grand avenue" uas ntev li ntawm 1 mais ntawm qhov ntev ntawm Capitol Building thiab tus pej thuam equestrian George Washington muab tso rau sab qab teb ntawm Tsev Dawb (qhov twg Washington Monument sawv tam sim no).

The McMillan Plan of 1901-1902

Nyob rau xyoo 1901, Senator James McMillan ntawm Michigan tau teeb tsa pawg thawj coj ntawm cov kws kos duab nto moo, cov neeg tsim qauv toj roob hauv pes, thiab cov kws kos duab los tsim ib txoj kev npaj tshiab rau Lub Khw. CovMcMillan Plan nthuav dav ntawm thawj lub nroog txoj kev npaj los ntawm L'Enfant thiab tsim National Mall uas peb paub niaj hnub no. Txoj kev npaj tau hu kom rov tsim kho thaj tsam ntawm Capitol Grounds, txuas lub khw rau sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb mus rau sab hnub poob thiab East Potomac Park, xaiv qhov chaw rau Lincoln Memorial thiab Jefferson Memorial thiab hloov chaw tsheb ciav hlau hauv nroog (tsim Union Chaw nres tsheb), tsim kom muaj chaw ua haujlwm hauv nroog. hauv daim duab peb sab tsim los ntawm Pennsylvania Avenue, 15th Street, thiab National Mall (Federal Triangle).

National Mall in the 20th Century

Lub sijhawm nruab nrab xyoo 1900, Lub Khw tau los ua peb lub tebchaws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua koob tsheej rau pej xeem, kev sib sau ua ke, kev tawm tsam, thiab kev tawm tsam. Cov xwm txheej nto moo tau suav nrog xyoo 1963 Lub Peb Hlis ntawm Washington, xyoo 1995 lab Tus Txiv Neej Lub Peb Hlis 2007 Iraq Tsov Rog Tawm Tsam, Kev Tshaj Tawm Txhua Xyoo, Thawj Tswj Hwm Inaugurations thiab ntau ntxiv. Thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua, Smithsonian Institution tau tsim cov tsev khaws puav pheej hauv ntiaj teb (10 nyob rau hauv tag nrho niaj hnub no) ntawm National Mall muab cov pej xeem nkag mus rau cov khoom uas muaj xws li kab thiab meteorites mus rau locomotives thiab spacecraft. Lub teb chaws memorials tau tsim thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua los ua kev hwm rau cov cim tseem ceeb uas tau pab tsim peb lub teb chaws.

National Mall Today

Ntau tshaj 25 lab tus tib neeg tuaj xyuas National Mall txhua xyoo thiab xav tau ib txoj kev npaj los tswj lub plawv ntawm lub teb chaws lub peev. Hauv xyoo 2010, National Mall Plan tshiab tau kos npe los txhim kho thiab rov tsim kho vaj tse thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse hauv National Mall yog li nws tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm pej xeem rautiam tom ntej. Lub Trust for the National Mall tau tsim los txhawb cov pej xeem hauv kev tsim cov phiaj xwm kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas thiab txhawb nqa National Park Service.

Cov Lus Tseeb Tseem Ceeb thiab Hnub Nyoog

• Kev tsim kho lub tsev Capitol pib xyoo 1793.
• Lub Tsev Haujlwm Smithsonian tau tsim los ntawm Congress hauv 1847.
• Kev tsim kho ntawm Washington Monument pib xyoo 1848 tab sis tsis tau ua tiav txog xyoo 1884.
• Union Chaw Nres Tsheb tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1907 ua ib feem ntawm McMillan Plan, tso cai tshem tawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tsis zoo ntawm lub khw thiab tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau B altimore & Ohio Railroad davhlau ya nyob twg uas nyob ntawm qhov chaw tam sim no ntawm National Gallery of Art.
• Cherry ntoo uas tau muab rau lub teb chaws los ntawm Nyiv tau cog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Tidal Basin nyob rau hauv 1912.
• Lub Lincoln Memorial tau mob siab rau xyoo 1922.
• Tus Thomas Jefferson Memorial tau ua tiav xyoo 1939

Cov koom haum nrog Authority rau National Mall

• Pawg Kws Pab Tswv Yim rau Kev Saib Xyuas Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm (ACHP) - Lub chaw haujlwm tseemfwv qib siab qhia rau Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab Congress ntawm txoj cai tswj hwm lub tebchaws keeb kwm.
• Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) - Lub commission, tsim nyob rau hauv 1910, qhia txog kev tsim thiab zoo nkauj ntawm architectural structures los khaws lub meej mom ntawm lub teb chaws lub peev.
• National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) - Tsoom fwv teb chaws lub koom haum npaj kev npaj, tsim nyob rau hauv 1924, muab lus qhia txog tej yaam num uas cuam tshuam rau lub teb chaws lub peev thiab ib puag ncig.
• NationalChaw Ua Si/National Capital Region (NPS/NCR) Washington Cheeb Tsam Cheeb Tsam) Raws li lub chaw lis haujlwm ntawm US Department of the Interior, National Park Service saib xyuas thiab muab kev pabcuam rau Asmeskas cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws.