Daim Ntawv Qhia rau Tanzania's Olduvai Gorge thiab Hloov Sands

2024 Tus sau: Cyrus Reynolds | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-08 04:16

Rau cov neeg nyiam archaeology thiab palaeontology, muaj ntau dua rau Tanzania dua li nws qhov kev ua si zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb thiab ntug hiav txwv zoo nkauj. Nyob ntawm txoj kev los ntawm Ngorongoro Crater mus rau Serengeti National Park, Olduvai Gorge (tseem hu ua Oldupai Gorge) yog qhov sib cav qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb, ua tsaug rau kev tshawb pom ntawm cov pob txha pob txha uas sau txog kev hloov pauv ntawm noob neej. Cov neeg taug kev los ntawm thaj av tuaj yeem ua ke mus ncig rau Olduvai nrog kev mus ntsib qhov tsis paub meej Hloov Sands, lub roob hluav taws hluav taws xob uas txav mus thoob cov suab puam ntawm tus nqi kwv yees li 55 feet / 17 meters txhua xyoo.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Olduvai

Nyob rau xyoo 1930, archaeologists Louis thiab Mary Leakey tau pib ua ntau qhov kev khawb ntawm Olduvai Gorge tom qab saib hominid fossils uncovered muaj qee xyoo ua ntej los ntawm German archaeologist Hans Reck. Tshaj li tsib xyoos tom ntej no, Leakeys tau ua ntau qhov kev tshawb pom zoo kawg nkaus uas hloov lub ntiaj teb kev nkag siab ntawm qhov twg peb tuaj, thaum kawg ua rau kev txiav txim siab tias tib neeg haiv neeg tuaj ntawm Africa nkaus xwb. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev tshawb pom no yog tus txiv neej Nutcracker, lub npe muab rau qhov seem ntawm Paranthropus boisei.txiv neej kwv yees li 1.75 lab xyoo. Lub Leakeys kuj tau tshawb pom thawj cov pov thawj pob txha paub ntawm lwm hominid hom, Homo habilis; nrog rau cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm cov tsiaj fossils thiab cov khoom siv thaum ntxov ntawm tib neeg. Xyoo 1976, Mary Leakey kuj pom muaj ntau yam kev khaws cia hominid hneev taw ntawm Laetoli, ib qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm 45 km / 28 mais sab qab teb ntawm lub gorge nws tus kheej. Cov hneev taw no, khaws cia hauv cov tshauv thiab ntseeg tias tau koom nrog peb cov poj koob yawm txwv Australopithecus afarensis, ua pov thawj tias hominid hom taug kev ntawm ob txhais ceg thaum lub sijhawm Pliocene, qee qhov 3.7 lab xyoo dhau los. Thaum lub sijhawm nrhiav pom, qhov no yog qhov piv txwv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm hominid bi-pedalism.

Visiting Olduvai Gorge

Hnub no, Leakeys qhov chaw khawb av tseem tab tom ua haujlwm, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb tseem tab tom txiav tawm ntawm qhov tsis paub nyob ib puag ncig peb lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Cov neeg tuaj xyuas hauv cheeb tsam Olduvai tuaj yeem pom cov chaw khawb av no rau lawv tus kheej raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm cov lus qhia raug cai. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub qhov tsua, muaj ib lub tsev cia puav pheej, uas tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1970 los ntawm Mary Leakey thiab kho dua tshiab hauv xyoo 1990 los ntawm ib pab neeg los ntawm Getty Tsev khaws puav pheej. Txawm hais tias me me, lub tsev cia puav pheej tseem yog qhov txaus nyiam, nrog ntau chav mob siab rau piav qhia qhov chaw nrhiav pom paleoanthropological.

Ntawm no, koj yuav pom ib phau ntawm hominid thiab faunal fossils, nrog rau cov cuab yeej qub tam sim no hu ua Oldowan (ib lo lus uas txhais tau tias 'los ntawm Olduvai Gorge'). Cov cuab yeej no sawv cev rau kev lag luam pob zeb uas paub ntxov tshaj plaws hauv peb cov poj koob yawm txwv keeb kwm. Txhawm rau khaws cov khoom qub, ntauntawm cov pob txha ntawm cov zaub yog cam khwb cia, suav nrog cov pob txha taub hau thaum ntxov hominid. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav qhia suav nrog cov cam loj ntawm Laetoli Footprints, nrog rau ntau cov duab ntawm Leakey tsev neeg ua haujlwm ntawm thawj qhov chaw khawb av. Olduvai Gorge yog tam sim no raug hu ua Oldupai Gorge, tom kawg yog qhov raug sau ntawm Maasai lo lus rau cov hauv paus hniav qus sisal nroj tsuag.

Nkauj Noog Hawj

Cov uas xav ua ib hnub ntawm nws yuav tsum xav txog kev mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Olduvai Gorge mus rau Hloov Sands. Ntawm no, ib tug crescent-shaped dune ntawm nplua dub tshauv txav tsis tu ncua hla lub tiaj ntawm tus nqi ntawm kwv yees li 55 feet / 17 meters ib xyoo nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub cheeb tsam unidirectional cua. Cov Maasai ntseeg hais tias cov tshauv tuaj ntawm Ol Doinyo Lengai roob, qhov chaw dawb huv uas nws lub npe txhais ua lus Askiv li Roob ntawm Vajtswv. Nyob rau hnub ntshiab, lub roob zoo li lub khob zoo li no tuaj yeem pom nyob deb ntawm Olduvai Gorge.

Thaum mus txog lub tiaj, cov volcanic tshauv nyob, sau ib ncig ntawm ib lub pob zeb thiab ces accumulating mus ua lub spectacularly symmetrical dune nws yog niaj hnub no. Cov xuab zeb yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv hlau thiab magnetized heev, thiaj li hais tias nws sticks rau nws tus kheej thaum muab pov rau saum huab cua - ib tug tshwm sim uas ua rau intereting yees duab lub sij hawm. Lub dune tuaj yeem nrhiav tsis yooj yim vim nws qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab feem ntau txoj kev mus rau qhov ntawd suav nrog kev tsav tsheb tawm. Yog li ntawd, nws raug pom zoo kom mus nrog ib tus neeg qhia hauv zos thiab / lossis tus neeg tsav tsheb. Ntawm txoj kev, tsis txhob hnov qab khaws lub qhov muag tawm ntawm kev ua si dawb-roaming.