Pyramids ntawm Giza, Egypt: Phau Ntawv Qhia Ua tiav

2024 Tus sau: Cyrus Reynolds | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-08 03:33

Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm tus Dej Nile yog tim Iyiv lub cim keeb kwm yav dhau los: Pyramids ntawm Giza. Lub tsev kawm ntawv yog tsim los ntawm peb qhov sib cais pyramid complex, suav nrog Great Pyramid ntawm Giza (tseem hu ua Pyramid of Khufu), Pyramid ntawm Khafre thiab Pyramid ntawm Menkaure. Lub Great Sphinx ntawm Giza sawv cev rau lawv txhua tus. Tag nrho peb lub pyramids tau tsim los ntawm Fourth Dynasty pharaohs, ua rau lawv muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 4,500 xyoo. Ua ke, lawv tsim ib feem ntawm Memphis necropolis thaum ub thiab sawv ua ib qho pov thawj rau kev muaj nyiaj txaus ntshai, lub zog thiab kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub. Nrhiav seb yuav mus xyuas Pyramids li cas nrog cov lus qhia no.

Great Pyramid of Giza

Lub Great Pyramid ntawm Giza yog ob qho tib si loj thiab qub tshaj plaws ntawm Giza pyramids. Nws tau tsim ua lub qhov ntxa thiab monument rau pharaoh Khufu, thiab ua tiav nyob rau hauv 2560 BC. Zoo li lwm cov pyramids, nws tau tsim tawm ntawm cov pob zeb loj loj ntawm granite thiab limestone uas yuav tau quarried, thauj thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm tes. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nyob ib ncig ntawm 2.3 lab blocks ntawm pob zeb tau siv los tsim lub pyramid, uas yog Ameslikas encased nyob rau hauv du dawb limestone. Raws li Greek historian Herodotus, qhov kev tsim vaj tsev no xav tau aua hauj lwm ntawm 100,000 tus txiv neej thiab siv 20 xyoo ua kom tiav.

Nyob rau hauv nws lub hnub qub, lub pyramid yuav tau sawv 481 ko taw (146.5 meters) siab. Nws yog lub ntiaj teb siab tshaj tus neeg tsim qauv rau ntau tshaj 3,800 xyoo. Txoj kev nkag yog nyob rau sab qaum teb lub ntsej muag thiab coj mus rau ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev mus rau poj huab tais thiab huab tais cov chav. Lub pyramid tau qhib thiab nyiag los ntawm cov vaj ntxwv ntawm Nruab Nrab thiab Tshiab Kingdoms, uas tej zaum yuav tau siv nws cov ntsiab lus los muab lawv lub qhov ntxa nyob rau ntawm Valley of the Kings ze Luxor. Nyob rau hauv Hellenistic lub sij hawm, lub Great Pyramid tau raug hu ua ib tug ntawm Xya Wonders ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm hais tias nws yog qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm kev xav thaum ub, nws tseem yog tib qho uas tseem muaj niaj hnub no.

Pyramid ntawm Khafre

Qhov thib ob siab tshaj plaws ntawm Giza pyramids, lub Pyramid ntawm Khafre tau tsim ua qhov chaw faus ntawm Khufu tus tub thiab ua tiav. Cov hnub tim tseeb ntawm nws qhov kev ua tiav tsis paub meej, txawm tias Khafre txiav txim siab txij li xyoo 2558 txog 2532 BC. Qee qhov ntawm cov pyramid cov pob zeb qub no tseem nyob ib ncig ntawm lub apex, txawm hais tias tus so tau raug tshem tawm ntawm ntau lub sijhawm thoob plaws hauv nws keeb kwm - suav nrog thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 19th Dynasty thaum Ramesses II nyiag cov limestone rau ib qho ntawm nws lub tuam tsev ntawm Heliopolis. Lub pyramid no muaj ob qhov nkag uas ua rau tib lub faus chamber thiab ib lub chaw ua haujlwm uas tau siv los khaws cia.

Pyramid ntawm Menkaure

Lub Pyramid ntawm Menkaure yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thiab tsis ntev los no ntawm peb thiab tau ua tiav thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 25 BC. Tsis zoo li lwm lub pyramids, tsuas yog sab sauv xwbencased nyob rau hauv limestone thiab qhov chaw ntawm granite sab nrauv tshwm tsis tiav. Nws zoo li tias kev tsim kho tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Menkaure txoj kev tuag thiab tsis tau ua tiav. Lub pyramid muaj ib tug nkag mus rau lub subterranean faus chamber. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, nws yog thawj tus neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Sultan Al-Aziz Uthman txoj kev sim rhuav tshem cov pyramids. Hmoov zoo, txoj haujlwm ua pov thawj nyuaj dhau thiab raug tso tseg; Txawm li cas los xij, kev puas tsuaj rau lub pyramid sab qaum teb tseem yog pov thawj ntawm kev ua phem.

Great Sphinx of Giza

Lub Great Sphinx ntawm Giza yog ib tug mythical creatures nrog ib tug tsov ntxhuav lub cev thiab lub taub hau ntawm ib tug txiv neej. Egyptologists feem ntau pom zoo tias nws lub ntsej muag yog carved nyob rau hauv Khafre zoo li; uas ua rau kev nkag siab muab qhov tseeb tias nws hnub rov qab mus rau nws txoj kev kav. Nws yog qhov qub tshaj plaws-paub monumental duab puab nyob rau hauv Egypt thiab yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog impressive thaum ib tug txiav txim siab tias nws yog carved tawm ntawm ib tug chunks ntawm lub toj siab limestone bedrock. Cov txheej ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb rau qhov kev yaig nrawm nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm sphinx lub cev thaum cov kev xav tau nthuav dav txog qhov laj thawj rau nws qhov ntswg ploj. Nws ntsuas 240 ko taw (73 meters) ntev thiab sawv 66 taw (20 meters) siab.

Kev tshawb nrhiav niaj hnub

Lub Giza pyramids tau raug tshawb nrhiav thiab tshawb fawb txog yuav luag ntev npaum li lawv tau muaj. Nyob rau thaum ntxov 1800s, Fabkis archaeologist Auguste Mariette pib clearance ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Giza site. Thawj cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub niaj hnub tshawb nrhiav hauv cov pyramids suav nrog Giovanni Belzoni, John Perring thiab Richard Vyse, thiab Karl Richard Lepsius. Xyoo 1880, British archaeologist Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie tau mus rau Giza los ua thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov pyramids. Nws cov duab kos thiab ntsuas tau yog qhov tseeb uas peb nkag siab ntau npaum li cas lawv tau tsim los tseem yog raws li nws qhov kev tshawb pom.

Kev khawb tau txuas ntxiv mus thoob plaws xyoo pua 20th thiab mus rau 21st. Xyoo 2010, Egyptian archaeologists nrhiav tau ib tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv faus av uas ua pov thawj tias cov pyramids tau tsim los ntawm cov kws kos duab them nyiaj ntau dua li cov qhev. Tsis ntev los no, nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 2019, lub toj ntxas tshiab thiab sarcophagi tau pom uas ntseeg tau tias muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 4,500 xyoo. Xyoo 1979, Cov Pyramids ntawm Giza tau sau npe ua UNESCO World Heritage Site nrog rau tag nrho ntawm Memphis necropolis.

Yam Pom & Ua

Hnub no, peb lub ntsiab pyramids thiab sphinx yog lub ntsiab attractions; tab sis muaj ntau yam ntxiv kom pom ntawm Giza suav nrog cov me me, cov chaw ua haujlwm pyramids, mastaba tombs, thiab cov tuam tsev. Koj tuaj yeem saib cov ruins ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm lub zos, nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Khafre thiab Menkaure pyramids; thiab Solar Boat Museum. Lub tsev tom kawg muaj ib lub nkoj uas tau pom faus rau ntawm ko taw ntawm Great Pyramid thiab mob siab rau kev tsim kho los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv 14 xyoo. Yog tias koj nyob tom qab tsaus ntuj, koj tuaj yeem saib tau raws li cov pyramids tau teeb pom kev los ntawm Hmo Ntuj Suab & Teeb Qhia.

Daim pib dav dav suav nrog kev ncig xyuas hauv ib qho ntawm peb lub satellite pyramids ntawm poj huab tais ntawm Cheops. Yog tias koj xav pom hauv peb lub ntsiab pyramids, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau nrog kev yuav daim pib ntxiv. Nyob ntawdNws tsis yog ntau dhau los pom sab hauv vim tias cov mummies thiab lawv cov khoom muaj nqis raug tshem tawm (los ntawm cov neeg nyiag khoom, lossis kev nyab xeeb ntawm Egyptian Tsev khaws puav pheej). Cov vaj ntxwv qub qub kuj tsis tau kho lawv cov faus chamber nrog hieroglyphs li cov thawj coj tom qab tau ua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev nkag mus tob rau hauv cov qauv qub qub yog tsim nyog rau ntau tus neeg tuaj xyuas-txawm tias claustrophobics yuav tsum xaiv tawm. Nce toj lub pyramid yog txhaum cai.

Yuav Ua Li Cas

Qee tus neeg xaiv los koom nrog kev ncig xyuas. Cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog kev tuaj tos tsev so, kev hloov tsheb los ntawm Cairo, suav nrog cov nqi nkag thiab phau ntawv qhia Askiv hais lus Egyptologist; Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav taug kev hauv ib pab pawg loj thaum lub sijhawm cov pyramids coob coob. Xwb, nws yooj yim los tshawb txog cov pyramid ntawm nws tus kheej. Tsheb tavxij lossis Uber caij tsheb los ntawm Central Cairo siv sijhawm li ib teev (nyob ntawm kev khiav tsheb) thiab muaj nqis heev. Cov tsheb npav pej xeem kuj taug kev los ntawm sab nraum Egyptian Tsev khaws puav pheej mus rau lub pyramids.

Thaum koj mus txog qhov ntawd, koj tuaj yeem xaiv taug kev hauv ko taw lossis ntiav cov ntxhuav lossis nees. Qhov kawg yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau cov neeg uas xav mus rau hauv cov suab puam kom tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm cov pyramids; Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus tsiaj raug kho tsis zoo los yog tsis muaj kev noj qab haus huv. Cov kev pom zoo tshaj plaws yog los ntawm dunes qab lub Pyramid ntawm Menkaure, thiab suav nrog tag nrho peb lub tuam tsev sib txuas nrog lub ntuj niaj hnub Cairo nyob rau yav tom ntej. Cov khau khov kho, tiv thaiv tshav ntuj thiab dej ntau yog txhua yam yuav tsum muaj rau koj qhov kev lom zem Giza.

Yog tias koj xav kom tsis txhob muaj neeg coob coob, sim mus saib tom qab me ntsishnub tom qab feem ntau ntawm cov tsheb npav ncig xyuas tau mus thiab mus (feem ntau tuaj txog thaum 9:30 sawv ntxov txog 10:30 sawv ntxov).

Teev & Nqi Nkag Nkag

Raws li lub vev xaib ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Egypt, qhov chaw qhib thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov txhua hnub thiab kaw thaum 5 teev tsaus ntuj. Daim pib nqi yog teev raws li 60 phaus Egyptian rau kev nkag mus, 100 Egyptian phaus rau kev nkag mus rau hauv Great Pyramid, 30 Egyptian phaus rau nkag mus rau hauv Pyramid ntawm Khafre thiab 25 Egyptian phaus rau nkag mus rau hauv lub Pyramid ntawm Menkaure. The Sound & Light Show raug nqi US $15 thiab yuav tsum tau booked ua ntej.